G&G Closed Circuit Events LLC v. Frida's Tacos LLC — Entry #17: MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER - Before the Court is Plaintiff G&G Closed Circuit Events, LLC's Motion for Final Default Judgment (Doc

Case 3:24-cv-01083-K      Document 17       Filed 01/08/25    Page 1 of 12   PageID 237


                  IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
                  FOR THE NORTHERN DISTRICT OF TEXAS
                            DALLAS DIVISION

G&G CLOSED CIRCUIT EVENTS,               §
LLC, as Broadcast Licensee of the May 8, §
2021Saul “Canelo” Alvarez v. Billy Joe   §
Saunders Championship Fight Program, §
                                         §              Civil Action No. 3:24-CV-1083-K
      Plaintiff,                         §
                                         §
v.                                       §
                                         §
1) FRIDA’S TACOS, LLC, individually, §
and d/b/a FRIDA’S TACOS and              §
2) MARIA E. BARRAGAN, individually, §
and d/b/a FRIDA’S TACOS,                 §
                                         §
      Defendants.                        §

                    MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER

       Before the Court is Plaintiff G&G Closed Circuit Events, LLC’s Motion for

Final Default Judgment (Doc. No. 16) and Appendix in support (Doc. No. 16-1)

(together, the “Motion”). The Court has carefully considered the Motion, the relevant

portions of the record, and the applicable law. The Court GRANTS in part the Motion

for the following reasons. The Court DENIES without prejudice the request for

attorneys’ fees related to post-trial and/or appellate services.

       I.     Factual and Procedural Background

       Plaintiff G&G Closed Circuit Events, LLC (“Plaintiff”) is the license company

that was exclusively authorized to sub-license the closed-circuit telecast of the May 8,

2021, Saul “Canelo” Alvarez v. Billy Joe Saunders Championship Fight Program,


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including the undercard or preliminary bouts and commentary (the “Event”), at closed-

circuit locations such as theaters, arenas, bars, clubs, lounges, restaurants, and the like

throughout Texas. Doc. No. 1 at 1. Plaintiff alleges that, on the date of the Event,

Defendant Frida’s Tacos, LLC, individually and d/b/a Frida’s Tacos (“Frida’s Tacos”),

owned and/or operated the commercial establishment at 1601 Singleton Blvd., Dallas,

Texas, 75212 (the “Establishment”), and supervised and had a direct financial interest

in the Establishment’s activities. Id. at 2. Plaintiff alleges that, on the date of the Event,

Defendant Maria E. Barragan, individually and d/b/a Frida’s Tacos, (“Barragan”)

(together with Frida’s Tacos, the “Defendants”), was an owner/manager of the

Establishment, was an owner/officer of the entity that owned the Establishment and

the real property on which it was located, and supervised and had a direct financial

interest in the Establishment’s activities. Id.

       Plaintiff alleges that Defendants did not purchase the right to broadcast the

Event on May 8, 2021, either by satellite transmission or through unauthorized receipt

over a cable system, they willfully intercepted or received the interstate communication

of the Event or, alternatively, assisted in the receipt of the interstate communication

of the Event. Id. at 4. According to Plaintiff, Defendants then broadcast, or assisted in

broadcasting, the Event to patrons, thereby misappropriating Plaintiff’s licenses to the

exhibition of the Event and infringing on Plaintiff’s exclusive rights without proper

payment or authorization. Id. at 4-5. Plaintiff alleges these actions were willful and

with intent and purpose to obtain a commercial advantage and private financial gain.


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Id. at 4. Plaintiff thereafter filed this action on May 6, 2024, alleging violations of 47

U.S.C. §§ 553 or 605.

         Both Defendants were served with a copy of the Summons and Complaint on

June 13, 2024 (Doc. Nos. 7 & 8) and, to-date, have failed to answer or otherwise

respond to Plaintiff’s Complaint. On September 17, 2024, the Court dismissed the

case after Plaintiff failed to comply with a court order. Doc. Nos. 10 (order to move

for default or provide legal basis for why the case should be maintained on the docket);

11 (order dismissing). On Plaintiff’s motion to reopen the case, the Court granted the

relief, vacated the order of dismissal, and re-instated the case. Doc. No. 13. Plaintiff

filed its Request for Entry of Default (Doc. No. 15), and the Clerk entered default

against Defendants (Doc. No. 14). Plaintiff now moves for final default judgment

against Defendants, including attorneys’ fees and statutory damages under 47 U.S.C.

§ 605.

         II.   Analysis

         By entering default judgment, “conduct on which liability is based may be taken

as true as a consequence of the default.” Joe Hand Promotions, Inc. v. Alima, No. 3:13-

CV-0889-B, 2014 WL 1632158, at *1 (N.D. Tex. Apr. 22, 2014)(Boyle, J.) (quoting

Frame v. S—H Inc., 967 F.2d 194, 205 (5th Cir. 1992)) (quotation marks omitted).

The court accepts the well-pleaded allegations of facts in the complaint as true when

considering a motion for default judgment. Nishimatsu Constr. Co. v. Houston Nat’l Bank,

515 F.2d 1200, 1206 (5th Cir. 1975).


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      There is a two-step process when determining whether default judgment should

be entered. Joe Hand Promotions, Inc., 2014 WL 1632158, at *1. First, the court must

consider whether the entry of default judgment is appropriate under the circumstances.

Id. Second, the court must address the merits of the plaintiff’s claims and determine if

there is sufficient basis in the pleadings for the default judgment. Nishimatsu Constr.

Co., at 1206.

                A.   Entry of default judgment is appropriate

      The Court finds the entry of default is appropriate under these circumstances.

Joe Hand Promotions, Inc., 2014 WL 1632158, at *1. The prerequisite elements for

entering a default judgment are met. The record establishes that neither Defendant is

a minor nor an incompetent person, and neither Defendant is currently serving in the

military. See FED. R. CIV. P. 55(b)(2); 50 App. U.S.C. § 521(a),(b)(1)(A)-(B)). Further,

the Court has jurisdiction over this matter and these parties.

      In determining if default judgment against a party is appropriate, the court

considers six factors: (1) whether material issues of fact are at issue; (2) whether there

has been substantial prejudice; (3) whether the grounds for default are clearly

established; (4) whether the default was caused by a good faith mistake or excusable

neglect; (5) the harshness of a default judgment; and (6) whether the court would think

itself obliged to set aside the default on the defendant’s motion. Lindsey v. Prive Corp.,

161 F.3d 886, 893 (5th Cir. 1998).


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      Applying the Lindsey factors to this case, default judgment against both

Defendants is proper. See id. There are no material issues of fact in dispute. Despite

receiving proper service, neither Defendant has responded to Plaintiff’s Complaint nor

any other pleadings in this case, including Plaintiff’s Motion for Final Default

Judgment. Further, Defendants have had ample time to respond to the Complaint or

otherwise appear in this case to defend. The grounds for default are clearly established.

Defendants have not been prejudiced in any way in this case. There is nothing before

the Court to indicate that either Defendant’s default was caused by a good faith

mistake or excusable neglect. The Court is also unaware of any facts from this case

that would give the Court reason to set aside the default if either Defendant challenged

the judgment. The application of the Lindsey factors weighs substantially in favor of

granting default judgment against both Defendants. The entry of default judgment

against Defendant Frida’s Tacos and Defendant Barragan is appropriate under these

circumstances.

             B.     Sufficient basis for Plaintiff’s claims.

      After considering whether entry of default judgment is appropriate under the

circumstances, the Court must determine if there is a sufficient basis for Plaintiff’s

claims as alleged in the Complaint (Doc. No. 1). See Nishimatsu Constr. Co., 515 F.2d

at 1206. Defendants are deemed to have admitted the allegations from Plaintiff’s

Complaint. See Frame, 967 F.2d at 205 (“[C]onduct on which liability is based may be

taken as true as a consequence of the default.”).


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       Plaintiff alleges that Defendants illegally intercepted and broadcasted cable or

satellite transmissions when they showed the Event on May 8, 2021, in violation of 47

U.S.C. §§ 553 or 605. Section 553 is violated by “intercept[ing] or receiv[ing] or

assist[ing] in intercepting or receiving any communications service offered over a cable

system” without authorization. 47 U.S.C. § 553(a); see also Joe Hand Promotions, Inc.,

2014 WL 1632158, at *3 (finding that the complaint established a violation of § 553

with allegations that the defendants intercepted and broadcasted boxing matches

without authorization). Section 605 is violated when one “intercept[s] any radio

communication . . . receive[s] or assist[s] in receiving any interstate or foreign

communication by radio and use[s] such communication . . . for his own benefit or for

the benefit of another not entitled thereto.” § 605(a); see also Joe Hand Promotions, Inc.,

2014 WL 1632158, at *3 (holding that the pleadings established a viable claim for

relief because of a violation of 47 U.S.C. § 605).

       Defendant Frida’s Tacos and Defendant Barragan are both alleged to have

shown the Event to patrons without authorization, license, or permission to do so from

Plaintiff, the exclusive licensee to the commercial distribution of the Event. Plaintiff’s

Complaint alleges that Defendants did not contract with Plaintiff and pay the proper

commercial, non-residential license fee to Plaintiff to show the Event. Plaintiff’s

Complaint further alleges that, on the date of the Event, “either by satellite

transmission or through unauthorized receipt over a cable system, Defendants willfully

intercepted or received the interstate communication of the Event” or, alternatively,


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“Defendants assisted in the receipt of the interstate communication of the Event.

Defendants then transmitted, divulged and published said communication, or assisted

in transmitting, divulging and publishing said communication, to patrons within the

Establishment.” Doc. No. 1 at 4. “[C]ircumstantial evidence can support a finding that

a communication was intercepted, even absent direct evidence.” See DIRECTTV, Inc.

v. Robinson, 420 F.3d 532, 537 (5th Cir. 2005). Plaintiff’s Complaint establishes that

it had the exclusive right to sublicense broadcasts of the Event, Defendants unlawfully

intercepted and then broadcast the Event to patrons at the Establishment, and

Defendants did so without proper license, authorization, or permission from Plaintiff.

This is sufficient evidence of Defendants’ liability under either § 553 or § 605. See J&J

Sports Prods., Inc. v. Chance Club Corp., Civ. Action No. 4:10-CV-294-Y, 2011 WL

2909885, at *3 (N.D. Tex. July 20, 2011)(Means, J.) (finding violation when the

plaintiff had the exclusive right to sublicense the video of the event and the defendant

broadcast the event without sublicense).

      III.   Damages, Attorney’s Fees, and Costs

      Plaintiff seeks statutory damages rather than actual damages against Defendant

Frida’s Tacos and Defendant Barragan pursuant to § 605.           See § 605(e)(3)(C)(i)

(providing that a party may elect either statutory damages or actual damages); see also

Joe Hand Promotions, Inc., 2014 WL 1632158, at *3 (“Although Defendants likely

violated both §§ 553 and 605, Joe Hand cannot recover under both provisions. The

Court, therefore, focuses only on the award of damages under § 605 because it allows


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for greater recovery by Joe Hand.”) (citations omitted). Statutory damages under

Section 605 must be awarded in an amount “not less than $1,000 or more than

$10,000, as the court considers just.” § 605(e)(3)(C)(i)(II).

      Plaintiff seeks an award of $10,000, which is the statutory maximum. Based on

this record, a venue such as the Establishment, which has an approximate maximum

occupancy of 80 people, see Doc. No. 16-1 at APP041, would have been required to

pay a $1,200 sublicensing fee to Plaintiff, see id. at APP044, in order to exhibit the

Event at the Establishment. In support of its damages request Plaintiff submitted the

declaration of Thomas P. Riley (“Mr. Riley”), counsel hired by Plaintiff “to assist” with

“certain infringement matters”. Id. at APP005. Mr. Riley states that the piracy of

broadcasts by unauthorized and unlicensed commercial venues, such as the

Establishment which is owned, operated, maintained, and/or controlled by Defendant

Frida’s Tacos and Defendant Barragan, causes Plaintiff to lose customers from

sublicense sales to future events, has damaged Plaintiff’s goodwill and reputation, and

has caused Plaintiff to lose “its right and ability to control and receive sublicensing

fees” for the Event from legitimate commercial establishments. See, e.g., id. at APP 009-

011. Mr. Riley also states that Defendants’ patrons purchased food and/or drinks while

watching the pirated Event. Id. at APP009; see also id.at APP040 (affidavit of Plaintiff’s

Auditor that he paid no cover charge to enter the Establishment and watch the

broadcast of the Event).


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       Plaintiff would have charged Defendants $1,200 to sublicense the broadcast of

the Event. See id. at APP041 (capacity of “this [E]stablishment is approximately 80”);

APP044 (rate card for the Event). In light of this record and the need to deter future

violations, the Court finds that an award of $1,200 in statutory damages under §

605(e)(3)(C)(i)(II) is appropriate and just.

       A party is entitled to additional damages under 47 U.S.C. § 605(e)(3)(C)(ii) if

the defendant is determined to have “willfully” violated Section 605. If the violation

“was committed willfully and for purposes of direct or indirect commercial advantage

or private financial gain,” the Court, in its discretion, may increase the damage awarded

by an amount of not more than $100,000. 47 U.S.C. § 605(e)(3)(C)(ii).

       Plaintiff seeks $50,000 in additional damages because of Defendants’ alleged

willful violation of Section 605. Plaintiff asserts that the transmission of the Event was

intentionally done by Defendants for their financial gain and there are no ways in

which “Defendants could have ‘innocently’ accessed the broadcast of the Event”. Doc.

No. 16 at 7; see Doc. No. 16-1 at APP009-011. Plaintiff contends that Defendants

“knew that it was wrong to receive, intercept and divert the signal of the Event and to

broadcast it in Defendants’ Establishment.”        Id.   Even though there is no direct

evidence of willfulness by either Defendant, courts have found similar reasoning to that

offered by Plaintiff as sufficiently establishing a “willful” violation of Section 605. See,

e.g., Entm’t by J & J, Inc. v. Al-Waha Enters., Inc., 219 F. Supp. 2d 769, 777 (S.D. Tex.

2002) (finding Section 605 was “willfully” violated because of the “limited methods of


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intercepting closed circuit broadcasting of pay-per-view events and the low probability

that a commercial establishment could intercept such a broadcast merely by chance . .

. .”); Joe Hand Promotions, Inc. v. 2 Tacos Bar & Grill, LLC, Civ. Action No. 3:16-CV-

01889-M, 2017 WL 373478, at *4 (N.D. Tex. Jan. 26, 2017)(Lynn, CJ) (same); Joe

Hand Promotions, Inc., 2014 WL 1632158, at *5 (finding the argument that the

“[d]efendants could not have innocently accessed the broadcast of the Event”

persuasive when determining whether the defendants “willfully” violated Section 605)

(quotation marks omitted). This Court finds the analysis of these courts to be well-

reasoned and concludes that Defendant Frida’s Tacos and Defendant Barragan both

willfully violated Section 605. However, the Court finds that additional damages under

§ 605(e)(3)(C)(ii) of four times the base statutory damages, or $4,800, is reasonable.

See also Joe Hand Promotions, Inc., 2014 WL 1632158, at *5 (“Though there is little

guidance how the Court should weigh certain factors when calculating additional

damages, many courts have applied [] multipliers of three to five when faced with a

defendant who broadcast an event willfully for his own commercial benefit.”).

      Under § 605, Plaintiff is also entitled to recover its reasonable attorneys’ fees

and court costs incurred during the prosecution of this case. See § 605(e)(3)(B)(iii)

(“The court . . . shall direct the recovery of full costs, including awarding reasonable

attorneys’ fees to an aggrieved party who prevails.”). The Court has carefully reviewed

the supporting evidence, including the declaration of David M. Diaz (“Mr. Diaz”),

counsel for Plaintiff in this matter. Mr. Diaz requests attorneys’ fees based on a one-


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third contingent fee arrangement, that being one-third of the recovery. See Doc. No.

16-1 at APP048-049. Providing his resume in support, Mr. Diaz cites his experience,

knowledge, and training, as well as the factors in TEX. DISC. R. PROF. CONDUCT 1.04

and relevant case law, the work performed in this case specifically, as supporting the

reasonableness of this fee. “An award equal to one-third of recovery is reasonable for

cases such as this, and is frequently the measure of attorney’s fees used in

Communications Act cases in federal courts in Texas.”      J&J Sports Prods. v. Guzman,

2020 WL 1330360, at *5 (S.D. Tex. Mar. 18, 2020) (cleaned up). Having carefully

considered Mr. Diaz’s Declaration, the Court concludes that, in this case, a one-third

contingency fee is reasonable. See id. (“Plaintiff demonstrates, via an affidavit of its

attorney, that an award of one-third of the recovery is reasonable in this case because

of the attorney's training and experience with cases of this type and the attorney's

review of the twelve ‘factors to be considered in assessing the reasonableness of an

award of attorney's fees.’”). As previously explained, the Court found Plaintiff should

be awarded $1,200 in statutory damages under § 605(e)(3)(C)(i)(II) and $4,800 in

additional statutory damages under § 605(e)(3)(C)(ii).      Accordingly, as Mr. Diaz

requests, the Court awards Plaintiff $2,000 in reasonable attorneys’ fees incurred thus

far. The Court denies without prejudice Plaintiff’s request for an award of attorneys’

fees for post-judgment and/or appellate work. Plaintiff may seek those fees later should

Plaintiff incur them and only on formal motion to the Court.


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        The Court also finds that Plaintiff is entitled to recover its costs, but evidence

of that amount has not been presented to the Court with this Motion. Plaintiff is also

entitled to post-judgment interest at 4.17%, the current published rate. 28 U.S.C. §

1961.

        IV. Conclusion

        For the foregoing reasons, the Court GRANTS in part Plaintiff G&G Closed

Circuit Events, LLC’s Motion for Final Default Judgment against Defendant Frida’s

Tacos, LLC, individually and d/b/a Frida’s Tacos and Defendant Maria E. Barragan,

individually and d/b/a Frida’s Tacos. A separate default judgment will be entered.

Plaintiff is entitled to recover from Defendant Frida’s Tacos, LLC, individually and

d/b/a Frida’s Tacos and Defendant Maria E. Barragan, individually and d/b/a Frida’s

Tacos, jointly and severally: $1,200.00 in statutory damages; $4,800.00 in additional

damages for willful violation of §605; $2,000.00 in reasonable attorney’s fees; its costs;

and 4.17% post-judgment interest.

        The Court DENIES without prejudice Plaintiff’s request for an award of

prospective attorneys’ fees for post-judgment and/or appellate services.

        SO ORDERED.

        Signed January 8th, 2025.

                                                 ____________________________________
                                                 ED KINKEADE
                                                 UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE


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