TL;DR · 30-second read

The Short Version

TeraWulf, a bitcoin miner that has been moving into renting computing space to artificial intelligence companies, got its banks to raise its standby borrowing line from $250 million to about $400 million.

The quieter change is the bigger one. Before, only $150 million of that line could be used for bank guarantees, which are promises a bank makes to pay a power company or builder if TeraWulf does not. That limit is now gone.

Building these sites means promising suppliers large sums up front. TeraWulf now has much more room to make those promises.

TeraWulf Inc. (Nasdaq: WULF) entered into Amendment No. 1 to its senior secured revolving credit agreement on October 23, 2026, according to an 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission the same day. The amendment raises total commitments from $250 million to approximately $400 million, adds an uncommitted accordion option for roughly $150 million more, and eliminates the $150 million sublimit that had applied to letters of credit.

The original facility dates from May 7, 2026, with Morgan Stanley Senior Funding, Inc. as administrative and collateral agent. The amendment also allows collateral to be released from the lenders’ security interest once certain conditions are met. TeraWulf said the full amended agreement will be filed with its quarterly report for the period ending September 30, 2026.

Executive Summary

On the surface, this is a 60% upsize of a five-month-old credit line: $250 million becomes about $400 million, with an option to reach roughly $550 million if more lenders sign on. For a company that is repositioning power-connected sites toward AI and high-performance computing tenants, more liquidity on hand is useful in itself.

The more consequential change is structural. Under the original terms, no more than $150 million of the facility could be issued as letters of credit, which are bank guarantees that stand behind a borrower’s obligations to third parties. The 8-K says that cap has been eliminated. On that description, the share of the line available for guarantees rises by as much as $250 million, more than the $150 million increase in total commitments.

Letters of credit do not hand a company cash. They let it make credible promises to utilities, equipment suppliers, contractors and landlords before revenue arrives. That is why the change is the part of this filing that speaks most directly to how AI-oriented infrastructure gets built.

The Bigger Change Is the Guarantee Capacity

A revolving credit facility, or revolver, works like a corporate credit card. The borrower can draw, repay and draw again up to a committed limit. Many revolvers also let the borrower use part of that limit to have the bank issue letters of credit. A letter of credit is a bank’s promise to pay a named counterparty if the borrower fails to. No cash leaves the facility unless the guarantee is called, but each letter still uses up borrowing capacity.

TeraWulf’s original agreement capped letters of credit at $150 million out of $250 million. According to the 8-K, the amendment removes that sublimit while lifting total commitments to about $400 million. Taken at face value, the ceiling on guarantees moves from $150 million to the full facility size. That is up to $250 million of additional guarantee room, compared with $150 million of additional total commitments. Any other usage limits will only be visible once the full agreement is filed with the third-quarter 10-Q, and that caveat matters. Still, the direction of the change is clear from the filing itself.

Here is why this matters for data center builds. Utilities commonly require financial security before they will build or reserve grid connections and service. Equipment vendors with long lead times often want assurance before they commit production slots. Construction contractors and tenants may ask for performance or completion support. Often the instrument these counterparties accept is a bank letter of credit, not a corporate promise. A developer whose guarantee capacity is capped can find that the cap, rather than its cash balance, limits how many commitments it can make at once. By removing it, TeraWulf has widened that particular constraint, whatever it ultimately chooses to use the capacity for.

A Five-Month-Old Line, Already Resized

The facility was signed on May 7, 2026, and amended on October 23. A 60% upsize within roughly five and a half months suggests the original sizing proved too small for the company’s needs, the lenders’ appetite, or both. The new accordion is uncommitted, which means it is permission to seek about $150 million more from willing lenders, not money anyone has agreed to provide. The firm figure is approximately $400 million, and the 8-K presents it that way.

A revolver is also a specific kind of tool. It provides flexible, short-dated liquidity. It is not the long-term project debt or equity that typically pays for a full data center campus. The editorial reading that AI-focused miners are leaning on bank lines to bridge the gap between signing tenants and delivering powered capacity fits the shape of this amendment. A bridge facility with expanded guarantee capacity is exactly what that gap calls for. TeraWulf, however, has not tied the amendment to any specific site, tenant or power commitment, so the link remains an inference, not a disclosed plan.

Secured Today, With a Path to Unsecured

The facility is senior secured, meaning lenders hold claims on company assets and rank ahead of other creditors. The amendment adds a mechanism to release that collateral once unspecified conditions are met. Provisions like this generally reflect lenders’ willingness to step back from asset security if a borrower’s credit profile improves. That would leave those assets free for other financing.

For equity holders, the trade-off is familiar. A larger revolver and broader guarantee capacity strengthen TeraWulf’s hand with counterparties. They also allow larger contingent obligations to build up, possibly before the related revenue is in place. Whether that balance is prudent depends on figures the company has not yet published: drawn balances, letters of credit outstanding, pricing and covenants.

Background

TeraWulf Inc. is a Nasdaq-listed company (ticker WULF) headquartered in Easton, Maryland. It built its business on bitcoin mining at power-connected sites and has been shifting toward leasing data center capacity to AI and high-performance computing customers. Several miners have pursued that move because they already control grid connections and land that AI compute firms want.

That transition requires heavy commitments before lease revenue begins: power and interconnection arrangements, long-lead electrical and cooling equipment, and construction. TeraWulf’s revolving credit agreement, first signed May 7, 2026, with Morgan Stanley Senior Funding as agent, is one of the instruments supporting that build period. The October 23 amendment is its first revision.

Sources

Source: Terawulf increases revolving credit facility to $400 million with amendment (Investing.com), reporting TeraWulf’s amendment raising its senior secured revolver to approximately $400 million.

Primary sources: TeraWulf Inc. Form 8-K filed October 23, 2026 (SEC EDGAR).

TL;DR · 30-second read

The Short Version

Core Scientific started out mining bitcoin and now rents out huge computer buildings for artificial intelligence. It has lined up $600 million in banking arrangements from four major banks.

The surprise: most of it is not a loan. It is mainly a bank’s promise to cover what the company owes electric utilities, the way a co-signer backs a lease. That frees up about $300 million of the company’s own cash that had been locked away.

Getting electricity for artificial intelligence ties up serious money, not just land and machines.

Core Scientific (Nasdaq: CORZ) announced on August 27, 2026, that it had entered into $600 million of committed senior secured credit facilities. The package has two parts: a $100 million revolving credit facility, which is a credit line the company can draw, repay and draw again, and a $500 million letter of credit facility. Chief Financial Officer Jim Nygaard said the facilities are expected to release approximately $300 million of restricted cash.

Morgan Stanley Senior Funding led the deal as Lead Left Arranger. JPMorgan Chase Bank serves as Administrative and Collateral Agent. Goldman Sachs and TD Securities joined as Joint Lead Arrangers. The company said commitments are expected to be allocated equally among the four banks.

Executive Summary

Core Scientific’s new $600 million financing is mostly not borrowing capacity. Its largest piece, $500 million, is a facility for issuing letters of credit. The company says these letters may provide credit support for specific project obligations under utility agreements, as well as for general corporate purposes. The $100 million revolver is for general corporate purposes and working capital. The company expects the arrangement to free approximately $300 million of restricted cash, which CFO Jim Nygaard said would be “meaningfully improving our capital efficiency and financial flexibility.”

The structure matters more than the headline size. For an operator converting bitcoin-mining sites into AI hosting, securing power means more than connecting to the grid. Utility agreements can also require financial security. This deal swaps cash collateral for bank guarantees, at a disclosed annual cost and in exchange for a first-priority lien on substantially all of the company’s assets.

Several things are substantiated: the facility sizes, pricing, maturity of the revolver, collateral package and bank lineup. Several things are not. Core Scientific has not said how much in letters of credit it will issue, which utility obligations they will back, when the $300 million will actually be released, or how the freed cash will be deployed.

Why Most of the $600 Million Is a Bank Promise, Not a Loan

Of the $600 million Core Scientific arranged, $500 million, or five-sixths, is a letter of credit facility. A letter of credit is a bank’s written commitment to pay a named party, such as an electric utility, if the company fails to meet an obligation. Core Scientific’s announcement says these letters may be issued to provide credit support for specific project obligations under utility agreements. Only $100 million is a conventional revolving credit line that the company can draw and repay.

That split is the substance of the story. Large power users often have to give utilities financial security before capacity is built or reserved for them, because the utility carries the risk of stranded investment if the customer leaves. When that security is posted in cash, it sits on the balance sheet as restricted cash: it is counted as the company’s money, but the company cannot spend it. Core Scientific has not itemized what its restricted cash currently secures. It has, however, paired a facility designed to back utility obligations with an expected release of approximately $300 million of restricted cash. The plain reading is that a bank’s guarantee will stand where the company’s own cash used to.

For a company whose business depends on electricity, the deal shows how much financial weight power arrangements can carry alongside the physical buildout. Megawatts, or millions of watts of electrical capacity, have to be secured on paper as well as delivered over the wire. Holding that paper costs money.

What It Costs to Unlock $300 Million

The swap is not free. Letters of credit carry an annual fee of 1.75% on outstanding amounts plus a 0.125% fronting fee, which goes to the bank that issues the letter on behalf of the lending group. Combined, that is 1.875% a year, or about $1.875 million for every $100 million of letters outstanding.

Revolver borrowings have a three-year maturity. They bear interest at Adjusted Term SOFR plus 1.75%, or an alternate base rate plus 0.75%, at the company’s choice. SOFR, the Secured Overnight Financing Rate, is a benchmark for short-term dollar borrowing.

The economic test is whether the freed cash earns more, once deployed, than the fees cost to keep it free. Collateral competes for capital with electrical gear, cooling and construction. A fee under 2% can look inexpensive if the released cash goes into revenue-producing conversions, but the company has not said where it will go.

There is also a cost that does not show up as a fee. The facilities are guaranteed by certain wholly owned domestic subsidiaries and secured by a first-priority lien on substantially all assets of the company and the guarantors. These banks now stand first in line against nearly everything Core Scientific owns. That position can shape the terms of any project-level financing the company seeks later.

A Template for Mining-to-AI Conversions

Core Scientific says the majority of its revenue now comes from high-density colocation. That means renting data center space engineered for the heavy power and cooling demands of AI servers. The rest of its revenue comes from mining digital assets for its own account and from hosting other miners. The company is repurposing its remaining mining facilities “as circumstances allow” across 11 sites in seven states. Each conversion of that kind requires utility arrangements suited to denser, more demanding loads, and each arrangement can call for security.

The bank lineup is part of the signal. Morgan Stanley, JPMorgan, Goldman Sachs and TD Securities are expected to hold equal commitments. That gives a company that built its footprint in digital-asset mining committed letter of credit capacity from major banks, so it can satisfy utility security with bank paper rather than posting its own cash. Other operators converting mining sites to AI hosting face the same kind of utility obligations. Whether they can get comparable bank capacity, on comparable terms, will depend on their own credit and their own contracts.

Background

Core Scientific, listed on Nasdaq as CORZ, built its footprint operating large data centers for digital-asset mining. It now describes itself as a leader in designing, building and operating purpose-built data centers for high-density colocation serving AI workloads. Most of its revenue comes from that colocation business, with the remainder from mining for its own account and from hosting other miners. The company operates 11 facilities across Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, North Carolina, North Dakota, Oklahoma and Texas, and it is converting its remaining mining sites to colocation as circumstances allow.

The AI buildout has drawn operators with existing large power connections, including bitcoin miners, into AI hosting, because grid power is among the slowest inputs to secure for a new data center. Converting a site involves more than new electrical gear and cooling. It also means negotiating utility arrangements that can require the operator to post financial security. How that security is funded, whether with cash or bank guarantees, has become a financing question in its own right.

Sources

Source: Core Scientific (NASDAQ:CORZ) Stock: New Senior Secured Credit Facilities Aim to Free Up Restricted Cash — Kalkine’s coverage of Core Scientific’s new credit facilities and the expected release of restricted cash.

Primary sources: Core Scientific Secures $600 Million of Senior Secured Credit Facilities — Core Scientific press release, August 27, 2026.

TL;DR · 30-second read

The Short Version

Hut 8, a company that builds the huge, power-hungry buildings that run artificial intelligence, has lined up a $1.07 billion line of credit from 12 banks.

The surprising part is what much of it can be used for. Before a building goes up, power companies and equipment makers want deposits. This deal lets a bank’s written promise to pay stand in for that cash, so the company’s own money is not sitting idle.

It is a reminder that building for artificial intelligence costs serious money long before any computer is switched on.

Hut 8 Corp. (Nasdaq, TSX: HUT) announced on September 28, 2026 that it has closed a $1.07 billion, four-year senior secured revolving credit facility provided by a syndicate of 12 lenders. J.P. Morgan was lead left arranger, bookrunner and administrative agent; Citi, Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley were joint lead arrangers and joint bookrunners.

Borrowings are priced at the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) plus 150 to 200 basis points depending on Hut 8’s debt-to-market-capitalization ratio, starting at SOFR plus 175. The facility carries a letter-of-credit sublimit of $1.07 billion intended to cover interconnection deposits and obligations to utilities and equipment vendors.

Executive Summary

A revolving credit facility, or revolver, works like a corporate credit card with a very high limit: the company can draw, repay and draw again for the life of the agreement. Hut 8’s new $1.07 billion revolver sits at the parent company level and is secured by company assets, and Hut 8 says it can be drawn as needed and repaid without prepayment penalties.

The detail that sets this facility apart is its letter-of-credit sublimit, which equals the full $1.07 billion. A letter of credit is a bank’s guarantee that it will pay a counterparty if the borrower does not. Hut 8 says it will use these to satisfy collateral requirements during site development, including grid interconnection deposits and obligations to utilities and equipment vendors, reducing the need to post cash.

The facility is designed to complement, not replace, the $7.5 billion of non-recourse, investment-grade project financing Hut 8 has already arranged for construction at its River Bend and Beacon Point AI data center campuses. The revolver covers the earlier, riskier stretch of a campus’s life; the project debt takes over once a site is further along.

The Letter-of-Credit Line Is the Real Story

Headlines naturally focus on the $1.07 billion total, but the operationally significant number is the letter-of-credit sublimit set at the same $1.07 billion. Before an AI data center campus can be built, a developer typically has to secure its place in a utility’s interconnection process, the queue and engineering studies that determine when and how a site connects to the grid, and reserve long-lead equipment. Hut 8’s release says both utilities and equipment vendors impose collateral requirements at this stage.

Posting that collateral in cash means money that could fund construction instead sits in escrow for months or years. A letter of credit gives the utility or vendor the same assurance, backed by a bank, while Hut 8 keeps its cash. Because the sublimit matches the full facility, the entire commitment can in principle be deployed as guarantees rather than loans, though in a typical revolver any letters of credit issued reduce what remains available to borrow. The release does not say how much has been issued so far.

For Hut 8, this is a capital-efficiency measure that directly targets the pre-construction phase. For the utilities and equipment makers on the other side of these obligations, it means their security comes from a syndicate of large banks rather than the balance sheet of a single developer.

Two Layers of Debt for Two Stages of a Campus

CFO Sean Glennan described the logic plainly: the revolver lets Hut 8 fund projects through development while it determines the optimal timing and structure for long-term, non-recourse financing as they de-risk. Non-recourse project debt is repaid from a specific project’s cash flows, and lenders generally cannot pursue the parent company if the project fails. That kind of financing is usually available only once a project has contracts, power and a construction path in place.

The revolver fills the gap before that point. Hut 8’s $7.5 billion of fully amortizing project financing for River Bend and Beacon Point, meaning debt that is paid down to zero over its life rather than refinanced, handles construction. The parent-level facility handles the earlier stage, when a site is still acquiring interconnection rights and equipment slots. Treating development as a recurring activity with a standing funding line, rather than financing each site from scratch, is the structural shift here.

That 12 lenders, led by four of the largest US banks, committed to a four-year corporate facility suggests they are comfortable underwriting Hut 8’s development activity on an ongoing basis. It is one facility at one company, however, and it does not by itself establish how lenders view former bitcoin miners as a group.

A Borrowing Cost Linked to the Share Price

The pricing grid ties Hut 8’s margin to its consolidated total debt-to-market-capitalization ratio. In practical terms, the company’s borrowing cost moves with both its debt load and its stock market value. If Hut 8 adds project debt or its shares fall, the ratio rises and the margin can step up toward SOFR plus 200 basis points; if its market value grows faster than its debt, the margin can move toward 150.

This is worth noting because the release frames the facility as non-dilutive, meaning it raises money without issuing new shares. That is accurate for the borrowing itself, but the cost of that borrowing remains exposed to equity markets. Hut 8’s own forward-looking statements list declining equity valuations and tightening lending standards among the financing risks it faces.

The secured structure is also a reminder of where the company stands today. Hut 8 describes an investment-grade corporate profile as something it continues to pursue. Investment-grade companies often borrow on an unsecured basis, so this facility reflects progress on access to capital rather than arrival at that goal.

Background

Hut 8 Corp., listed on Nasdaq and the Toronto Stock Exchange, describes itself as an energy infrastructure platform integrating power, digital infrastructure and compute for energy-intensive workloads such as AI, high-performance computing and ASIC compute, the specialized chips used in bitcoin mining. Like several companies that grew up in bitcoin mining, Hut 8 has leaned on its experience securing large amounts of power to move into AI data center development.

Its flagship AI projects are the River Bend and Beacon Point campuses, backed by $7.5 billion of fully amortizing, non-recourse, investment-grade project financing. The new revolver adds a corporate-level funding layer for the development work that precedes that project-level debt.

Sources

Source: Hut 8 Expands Corporate Liquidity with $1.07 Billion Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility, Hut 8’s September 28, 2026 announcement of a four-year revolver with a full-size letter-of-credit sublimit.