TL;DR · 30-second read

The Short Version

Two big power-equipment makers, Switzerland-based Hitachi Energy and Italy’s Ansaldo Energia, have agreed to work together on selling complete power systems: from the gas-fired turbine that makes electricity to the equipment that carries it into a building.

Target buyers include data centers, the warehouse-sized computer halls behind artificial intelligence, which are struggling to get enough electricity quickly.

This is an early, non-binding agreement. No prices, sizes, customers or dates were announced. It shows where the industry is heading. It does not mean new power is on the way yet.

Hitachi Energy and Ansaldo Energia signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on October 16, 2026, to jointly develop and market integrated power solutions. The plan combines Ansaldo Energia’s gas turbines and generators with Hitachi Energy’s grid portfolio: high-voltage equipment, transformers, automation and power electronics. The stated goal is an end-to-end system running from power generation through transmission to the point of consumption.

The companies said the offering will serve both 60 Hz and 50 Hz markets, the two electrical frequencies used by the world’s grids. Named applications include data centers, energy hubs and other large electricity consumers, and the release singled out AI-driven demand in the United States. No financial terms, capacity figures, customers or delivery timelines were announced.

Executive Summary

The announcement pairs a generation specialist with a grid specialist. Hitachi Energy and Ansaldo Energia want to offer large power users one combined package covering the machine that makes electricity and the equipment that delivers it. Today those pieces are often bought separately, and the buyer or its contractor is left to make them work together.

It matters because the bottleneck for many data center projects is “time to power”: how fast a site can get reliable electricity. Both chief executives framed the partnership around speed. Andreas Schierenbeck of Hitachi Energy said it would help customers “accelerate time to power,” and Fabrizio Fabbri of Ansaldo Energia said it would “accelerate deployment.”

An MoU is a statement of intent, not a contract. The pact signals how equipment vendors read the market. It does not yet represent any new megawatts, factory output or signed customers.

Why Bundle a Turbine With a Substation

A power system for a large site has two halves. One is generation: a gas turbine spins a generator to produce electricity. The other is the grid side: transformers step voltage up or down, high-voltage switchgear routes and protects the flow, power electronics condition it, and automation software coordinates the whole system. Ansaldo Energia makes the first half. Hitachi Energy makes the second. The release says the partnership will integrate “power generation with the complete power transmission system through to the point of consumption.” The buyer would purchase one engineered system rather than a list of components.

The value of that pitch sits at the interfaces. When generation and grid equipment come from different vendors, someone has to design how they connect, test that they behave together under faults and load swings, and absorb the schedule risk if one piece arrives late or does not match. For a data center developer racing to energize a campus, that integration work is a source of delay. A pre-engineered package moves the burden from the buyer toward the suppliers. That is the mechanism behind the companies’ “time to power” claim.

The 60 Hz and 50 Hz detail is what makes the package portable. The United States runs its grid at 60 Hz, while most of Europe, Africa and much of Asia run at 50 Hz. Equipment has to be designed for one or the other. By committing to both, the partners signal a product line built for the US market, which the release calls “particularly acute” because of AI and data center growth, without giving up the 50 Hz markets. Data center developers, the engineering firms that build these sites, and the utilities that must accept their connections are the parties most directly affected if the package reaches the market.

An MoU Is Intent, Not Capacity

The substantiated facts are limited. Two named companies signed a non-binding agreement. Each brings a defined product scope. The target markets are 60 Hz and 50 Hz, and data centers are an explicit use case. Everything beyond that is aspiration. The release gives no megawatt ratings, turbine models, pricing, delivery slots, production commitments or customers. It also does not say when, or whether, the MoU will become a binding commercial agreement.

The demand framing deserves the same scrutiny. The companies state that global electricity demand “is expected to nearly double by 2050” but do not say whose projection that is or what assumptions sit behind it. The direction is widely shared across the industry, but the figure supports the case for the partnership rather than measuring any outcome the partnership will deliver. Readers should treat it as context, not a forecast tied to this deal.

Hitachi Is Extending From the Grid Into the Site

For Hitachi Energy, the partnership is one piece of a broader push. The release says the company aims to support the “autonomous and integrated operation of data centers” through One Hitachi, its group-wide approach, by combining its power solutions with HMAX Data Center, Hitachi’s data center offering. The ambition reaches beyond the substation into how a facility is run. Hitachi has also separately announced plans for a $528 million transformer factory in Mississippi, which underlines how central US grid equipment demand is to its strategy.

For Ansaldo Energia, the pairing gives its turbines and generators a route into large-load projects through a partner with an installed base in more than 140 countries. Ansaldo’s own technology runs in around 1,000 power plants across 100 countries. The open competitive question is whether buyers will prefer a two-company alliance or suppliers that cover both halves alone. Much will depend on who holds single-point responsibility when something goes wrong, and neither company has addressed that yet.

Background

Hitachi Energy is the energy business of Japan’s Hitachi, Ltd., which reported FY2025 revenues (year ended March 31, 2026) of 10,586.7 billion yen. Headquartered in Switzerland, Hitachi Energy employs over 56,000 people in 60 countries, has an installed base in more than 140 countries, and supplies grid technology to utilities, industry, data centers and transportation. It has separately announced plans for a $528 million transformer factory in Mississippi.

Ansaldo Energia, based in Genoa and controlled by CDP Equity of Italy’s Cassa Depositi e Prestiti Group, has more than 170 years of industrial history. It builds gas and steam turbines and generators for large power plants, services them across their lifecycle, and is active in nuclear and hydrogen technologies. Gas turbines are increasingly discussed as a way to supply power-hungry data centers, because they can be deployed at scale and run on demand.

Sources

Source: Hitachi Energy and Ansaldo Energia launch a strategic partnership to bring integrated power solutions to meet surging electricity demand, the joint announcement of the companies’ Memorandum of Understanding, issued from Zürich on October 16, 2026.

TL;DR · 30-second read

The Short Version

Two buildings north of Fargo, North Dakota are nearly finished, and together they are bigger than the largest building in the state, an Amazon warehouse two miles away. About 1,800 workers are on site.

The buildings will hold computers that run artificial intelligence, and they will draw about as much electricity as a small city. The local council approved the project in September 2025, and part of it is supposed to be running by the end of this year.

The company building it, Applied Digital, has not said which businesses will rent the space.

InForum reported that Applied Digital’s Polaris Forge 2 campus in Harwood, North Dakota is nearing completion, with roughly 1,800 workers finishing two buildings of 907,000 square feet each. The Harwood City Council approved the $3 billion project on September 10, 2025. Part of the campus is on pace to become operational by the end of 2026, with the remainder opening in early 2027, according to Nick Phillips, Applied Digital’s executive vice president of public affairs and real estate acquisition.

The site is a 280-megawatt facility drawing power from Cass County Electric, and Applied Digital is paying $112 million for the substation and transmission upgrades that serve it. The company has not disclosed which companies will occupy the buildings. It expects 200 to 250 permanent employees once the campus opens, on 400 acres of which about 300 have been graded.

Executive Summary

Harwood is Applied Digital’s third North Dakota project, after Jamestown and the Polaris Forge 1 campus at Ellendale, with a fourth under construction near Center. Ellendale, announced in late 2024, is partially operational. The pattern across all four is the same wager: build large blocks of power-dense capacity in a cold, cheap-power state and race to energize them while demand for artificial intelligence compute outruns supply.

What makes Harwood worth studying is the calendar. From a municipal approval on September 10, 2025 to first operational capacity at the end of 2026 is roughly fifteen months for a 280-megawatt campus. In a market where developers routinely quote three to five years between site control and delivered power, that interval is the entire product. “Time to power” is the industry’s shorthand for how long a tenant waits between signing and switching on machines, and it has become the variable that decides which sites win contracts.

The unresolved half of the story is commercial rather than physical. Steel, generators, cooling loops and a substation are visible and verifiable. Leases are not. Applied Digital has not named a tenant for Harwood, has not disclosed how much of the 280 megawatts is contracted, and has not detailed how the $3 billion build is financed. Those omissions do not undermine the construction progress, but they determine whether the speed converts into revenue.

Fifteen Months From Vote to Volts

The construction detail in the account is mostly a lesson in sequencing. Eight generator rooms in each building hold twelve units apiece, which is 96 generators per building and 192 across the campus, a level of on-site backup that signals a design intended for tenants who will not tolerate interruption. Roughly 86,000 electrical connections and several miles of copper cable have to be terminated and tested before any of it carries load. Workers wear helmets with augmented reality systems that check whether components are installed in the right place and whether crews are tracking to schedule, which is less a gadget than an admission that verification, not fabrication, is the thing most likely to slip.

Phillips describes the split inside each building as about 25% data halls and 75% supporting systems. That ratio is the clearest single indicator of how the economics have shifted. In a conventional enterprise facility, the computer room dominates the floor plan. In a building designed for dense artificial intelligence racks, the electrical rooms, switchgear, uninterruptible power supply gear and cooling plant swallow three-quarters of the envelope. Applied Digital is not really building a warehouse for servers. It is building a power conversion and heat rejection plant that happens to have servers in the middle of it.

The arithmetic underlines the point. If 280 megawatts is measured at the computers, spread across roughly 453,000 square feet of data hall, that is on the order of 600 watts per square foot, an order of magnitude above the densities most existing commercial data centers were designed for. Applied Digital has not specified whether the 280-megawatt figure is the load delivered to equipment or the total drawn from the utility, and the distinction changes that number materially. Either way, the campus is firmly in the density range that only recently became buildable at scale.

The $112 Million Sentence

The most consequential figure in the account is not the $3 billion headline but the $112 million Applied Digital says it will pay for the substation and transmission upgrades. That is roughly $400,000 per megawatt of connection, and it is the developer, not the utility’s other customers, footing the bill. Grid connection cost allocation is the live political question in nearly every jurisdiction now absorbing large computing loads, because the alternative structure, in which network upgrades are socialized across the rate base, is what makes residents worry about their bills. Harwood drew protesters on exactly that concern.

Applied Digital’s counter-claim is that its facilities do not raise electricity bills, and Phillips cited more than $46 million in savings for customers across North Dakota and South Dakota since the Ellendale project began. The underlying mechanism is plausible in principle: a very large, very steady customer spreads a utility’s fixed costs across more kilowatt-hours, which can lower the per-unit cost everyone pays. But the claim as stated is not yet verifiable by a reader. It does not identify which utility’s customers, over which period, measured against which counterfactual, or whether the figure is an avoided increase rather than a reduction. Those are answerable questions, and regulated utilities generally have to answer them in rate proceedings.

It is worth being precise about what each side is arguing, because they are not arguing about the same thing. The savings claim is retrospective and concerns Ellendale. The objection at Harwood is prospective and concerns what happens when a second large load lands on a different distribution system. A past result under one set of contracts does not settle the future question, and neither does a protest settle whether the mechanism works. The $112 million commitment is the strongest evidence Applied Digital has offered that it intends to carry its own interconnection costs, which is the part of the dispute that can actually be documented.

Air, Not Water, and Why North Dakota Rewards That Choice

Cooling is where siting logic becomes visible. Branden Cummins, the company’s civil structure architecture superintendent, described a closed loop that circulates fluid through six data halls in each building, carries it to the roof, and uses large fans to shed the heat before recirculating it. Because the loop is sealed, Applied Digital says water consumption will be comparable to a household. That is a meaningful claim in an industry now facing real scrutiny over evaporative cooling, which chills equipment by boiling away water and can consume millions of gallons a year at this scale.

The trade is not free. Rejecting heat to air rather than to evaporating water costs electricity for fans, and the penalty grows with ambient temperature. In a Texas or Arizona summer, that penalty is severe enough that many operators accept the water consumption instead. In eastern North Dakota, where cold hours dominate the year, the fan energy penalty is small and the water savings are close to pure gain. The closed loop is not primarily an environmental gesture; it is the design that the climate makes cheapest, and the environmental benefit follows from the geography.

Noise and setback receive the same treatment. Silencing equipment and sound barriers on the generator plant, with the nearest home about half a mile away and the town of Harwood more than a mile off, reflect a siting choice made before mitigation was needed. Developers increasingly buy distance rather than engineer around its absence, because generator testing and rooftop fan arrays are the two complaints most likely to follow a facility through its operating life.

A Builder Without a Named Tenant

Applied Digital is a merchant developer, meaning it builds capacity and then leases it, as opposed to a hyperscaler building for its own use. That model turns on a single question: how much of the capacity is committed before it is energized. The company has not disclosed which companies will occupy Harwood. Until it does, an observer cannot distinguish between a campus built against signed leases and one built on conviction about demand.

The local economics are more legible. Roughly 1,800 construction workers will give way to 200 to 250 permanent employees, a ratio close to eight to one that is typical of the sector and worth stating plainly: data centers are enormous construction projects and modest employers. The durable local benefit is tax base rather than payroll. Polaris Forge 1 at Ellendale paid about $4.3 million in property tax for 2026, Harwood is receiving no tax incentives or abatements according to the company, and Phillips estimated Applied Digital would become the largest single taxpayer in the state by 2029, while acknowledging that Harwood’s own assessment is not yet estimated because the building is not finished.

The absence of abatements is the notable item. Large data centers are frequently recruited with property tax exemptions that hollow out the fiscal case communities were sold, and a project that forgoes them changes the arithmetic for the county. It also suggests the developer’s binding constraint was schedule rather than subsidy. When capacity delivered in 2026 is worth materially more than the same capacity delivered in 2029, a year of negotiation over abatements costs more than the abatements are worth.

Background

Applied Digital is a Texas-based developer that builds and leases data center capacity rather than operating computing services itself, a model the industry calls merchant development. Its North Dakota expansion began with a facility in Jamestown, followed by the Polaris Forge 1 campus at Ellendale announced in late 2024 and now partially operational, the Harwood project approved in September 2025, and a fourth site under construction near Center, about 40 miles northwest of Bismarck.

The expansion tracks a broader shift in where computing gets built. Training and running large artificial intelligence models requires racks that consume several times the power of conventional servers, which has turned electrical capacity, rather than fiber or floor space, into the binding constraint on the industry. Developers have responded by moving to regions with available generation, cold climates that reduce cooling costs, and utilities able to energize large loads quickly. That has brought industrial-scale construction to rural communities with no prior exposure to it, along with recurring local debates over electricity rates, noise, water and tax base that Harwood has seen in full.

Sources

Source: An inside look at the Harwood data center as it nears completion — InForum’s report from Applied Digital’s Polaris Forge 2 construction site in Harwood, North Dakota, with detail on schedule, power, cooling, staffing and taxes from company executives.