TL;DR · 30-second read

The Short Version

A global operator of data centers, the warehouses of computers behind the internet, plans to generate its own electricity on site at multiple new projects rather than rely mainly on the public power grid.

NTT DATA will use fuel cells from Bloom Energy, machines that make electricity without burning fuel. The total is about what one large power plant produces, with deliveries starting in 2027.

The reason is artificial intelligence: demand can outrun what the grid supplies. The open question is now whether Bloom can build and install the machines fast enough.

Data Centre Magazine reported on November 6, 2026 that NTT DATA has signed an agreement with Bloom Energy to deploy 900 megawatts (MW) of onsite power generation across multiple data center projects worldwide. NTT Global Data Centers will use Bloom’s fuel cells as the primary power source for the sites covered, with initial shipments due to begin in 2027.

Bloom describes the agreement as its largest international project to date. The two companies say the relationship is designed to expand across NTT Global Data Centers’ portfolio and reach gigawatt scale.

Executive Summary

NTT DATA’s agreement with Bloom Energy puts fuel cells, which generate electricity through a non-combustion process, at the center of the power plan for multiple data center projects. The stated goal is speed: bringing capacity online faster in markets where grid power is constrained, as clients build AI capacity.

The most significant word in the announcement is “primary.” Onsite generation used as backup supports a site that still depends on the grid. Onsite generation used as primary supply makes the equipment supplier central to when a site can open and start earning revenue.

That is the trade at the heart of the deal. NTT reduces its exposure to grid timelines at these sites and takes on greater exposure to how quickly Bloom can manufacture, ship and install 900MW of equipment, starting in 2027. Whether the exchange pays off will depend on terms and site-level schedules that remain to be tested.

The Grid Wait Becomes a Delivery Schedule

A data center cannot earn revenue until it has power, and in constrained markets the utility’s timeline can become the item on a project’s critical path, the chain of tasks that sets the earliest possible finish date. Doug Adams, CEO of NTT Global Data Centers, framed the deal in those terms: clients are building AI capabilities “at a pace the grid alone cannot always match.” Making fuel cells the primary supply changes what sits on that path. At the covered sites, the power date depends less on a utility connection and more on when Bloom ships, when crews install and when the units are ready to run.

Bloom’s modular design softens part of that exposure. Capacity can be added in phases, so a late shipment might delay one block of a campus rather than all of it. The same design also turns one large dependency into many smaller ones, because each phase has to line up with construction. Adams’s description of bringing capacity online “alongside construction” captures the requirement. With initial shipments due in 2027, the agreement also sets a practical starting point, and NTT’s plan to invest more than $10 billion in AI-ready infrastructure runs through that same year.

The people affected are easy to identify. NTT’s clients care about the date capacity arrives, NTT’s revenue timing follows that date, and Bloom now carries a highly visible execution burden. This is a shift in operational dependency, not necessarily in financial liability, since who pays for a late shipment is a matter of contract. A manufactured product may well prove faster than a grid upgrade. The measure of the advantage will be the months saved at a given site, which is the number that would turn speed to power from a principle into a quantifiable benefit.

Primary Power Is a Bigger Claim Than Backup Power

Describing fuel cells as primary power moves them well beyond an emergency role, and that supports reading the deal as more than a short-term patch. Still, “primary” does not settle how long that role lasts. Fuel cells could remain the main source for a site’s full life, or they could carry the load until grid capacity arrives and then take a smaller role. Those are very different business cases for both companies, with different implications for equipment life, operating cost and long-term fuel needs.

Scale gives a useful sense of the commitment. The 900MW figure is nearly eight times the almost 115MW of new US capacity commitments NTT announced in March 2026, although generation capacity and data center commitments are not identical measures and the comparison is only a guide to size. The gigawatt ambition deserves a more measured reading. Taken literally, one gigawatt is only about 100MW above the 900MW already announced, so the more meaningful test of the “model” Bloom’s Aman Joshi describes is whether it spreads across NTT’s international portfolio, not whether it crosses a round number.

One Supplier, Several Large Claims on Its Output

NTT is not Bloom’s only large data center customer. Oracle agreed in April 2026 to procure up to 2.8 gigawatts of Bloom fuel cells, Brookfield formed a $5 billion partnership with Bloom in late 2025 to deploy the technology at AI data centers globally, and Equinix expanded its deployment in August 2025 to more than 100MW across 19 data centers. Adding NTT to Oracle produces up to 3.7 gigawatts across just those two agreements, although Oracle’s figure is a ceiling rather than a confirmed volume.

Those figures do not establish a shortage. They do make allocation a fair question, because a buyer that relies on fuel cells as primary power needs its delivery slots to hold even as other customers draw on the same supplier. The Equinix numbers also show how much the size of these deals has grown: its deployment averages a little over 5MW per data center, while NTT’s single agreement reaches 900MW across an unspecified number of projects.

Geography adds another layer. NTT opened 10 facilities across North America, EMEA (Europe, the Middle East and Africa) and APAC (Asia-Pacific) in the year to December 2025. If the deployment spans a similar footprint, Bloom’s largest international project will have to work through differing permitting regimes, installation workforces and fuel arrangements. That makes field execution as important as factory output.

The Benefits Claimed Still Need Numbers

Adams says the fuel cells “protect local air quality, use minimal water and run quietly, which matters to us just as much as the megawatts.” Generating power without combustion is a real technical distinction, and these are the factors that often shape community response to a new data center. Even so, the claims are qualitative. Emissions, water use and noise figures for specific sites would let communities, regulators and customers test them.

The same applies to Joshi’s description of “highly reliable, cleaner power.” Cleaner depends on the comparison and on the fuel, since a fuel cell still needs one. NTT’s separate July 2026 partnership with ENGIE, aimed at decarbonization, energy resilience and sustainable expansion, makes that question more pertinent: buyers will want to see how the onsite plan and the decarbonization goals fit together.

Background

NTT Global Data Centers operates facilities across North America, EMEA and APAC and opened 10 new sites in the year to December 2025. Its parent brand, NTT DATA, plans to invest more than $10 billion through 2027 in AI-ready infrastructure and announced a partnership with ENGIE in July 2026 covering decarbonization, energy resilience and sustainable expansion across its global data center operations.

Bloom Energy makes modular fuel cells that generate electricity without combustion, and it has become a growing supplier to the data center market. Its recent agreements include Equinix’s expansion to more than 100MW across 19 data centers in August 2025, a $5 billion partnership with Brookfield in late 2025 and Oracle’s April 2026 agreement to procure up to 2.8 gigawatts.

Sources

Source: NTT DATA Secures 900MW Fuel Cell Power from Bloom Energy, Data Centre Magazine’s report on the agreement to deploy Bloom fuel cells as primary onsite power for NTT Global Data Centers projects.

TL;DR · 30-second read

The Short Version

Birmingham, Alabama, has passed strict new rules for giant data centers, the warehouse-sized buildings full of computers that run cloud services and artificial intelligence.

• They must sit at least 500 feet from homes, more than a football field and a half.
• They cannot run their own gas-fired power plants on site.
• Their cooling must use no more water than an ordinary office building.
• Nearby neighbors must be told by certified letter before one is built.

The city, not the state, now decides these terms.

The City of Birmingham announced on June 9, 2026, that its City Council had approved a zoning ordinance setting 20 protective conditions for hyperscale data centers, the very large facilities built by cloud and AI operators. The city describes it as the toughest such ordinance in Alabama.

The rules include a 500-foot setback from residential districts, a 1,000-foot separation from high-capacity transit facilities, a 5-acre minimum lot size, mandatory closed-loop cooling, a ban on onsite gas turbines and round-the-clock diesel generation, noise studies before and after construction, disclosure of projected peak electricity demand, and certified-mail notice to property owners within 500 feet.

Executive Summary

Birmingham has written the most contested parts of AI data center development, power, water and noise, directly into its zoning code. A developer seeking a site in the city now has to show where its water comes from, how much electricity it expects to draw at peak and in what phases, which utility will supply it, and how it will keep noise at the property line in check, all before the project can proceed.

The most consequential provision is the prohibition on onsite gas turbines and diesel generators running 24/7. Onsite gas generation has become one of the ways large AI campuses bring capacity online faster than a utility connection allows. Birmingham has closed that route within city limits while leaving room for solar, fuel cells and battery storage under review.

The city pairs these limits with a pitch: it cites its strong electrical grid, industrial infrastructure and affordable land as reasons developers want to build there. The ordinance is an attempt to keep that demand while setting the conditions locally.

Power Moves From the Utility Contract to the Zoning File

Traditionally, how a data center gets its electricity is negotiated between the developer and the utility, and the city’s role is limited to land use. Birmingham’s ordinance changes that in two ways. First, it restricts the generation a site may build for itself: gas turbines and diesel generators running around the clock are prohibited, solar and fuel cells are allowed, and battery storage is permitted subject to emergency-response review. Second, it requires developers to disclose projected peak demand, planned development phases and the identity of the utility provider as part of the application.

For AI-focused developers, that matters because speed to power is often the binding constraint. When a utility cannot deliver a large new connection quickly, one workaround has been to install gas turbines on site and run them as primary or bridging power. Within Birmingham, that option is off the table. A hyperscale project there will depend on grid supply, supplemented only by solar, fuel cells or batteries, which puts the utility’s delivery timeline back at the center of the project schedule.

The disclosure requirement has a quieter effect. Peak demand projections and phasing plans give the city a public record of how much load each project intends to add and when. That turns electricity from a private commercial term into something neighbors and officials can see and question during permitting.

The Water Rule Is a Performance Standard With an Energy Cost

The ordinance does not just require closed-loop cooling; it sets a benchmark that water use be no greater than that of a similarly sized office building. That is a performance test, not simply a technology checkbox. Closed-loop systems recirculate the same coolant rather than evaporating water to shed heat, which sharply reduces consumption.

The trade-off is well understood in the industry: cooling without evaporation generally takes more electricity, particularly in hot, humid summers like Alabama’s. Birmingham has therefore chosen to protect local water supplies at the price of somewhat higher power draw per facility, which loops back to the peak demand figures developers must now disclose. Dense AI hardware, which runs hotter than conventional servers, makes that trade-off more pronounced.

Setbacks, Not Lot Size, Will Decide Where Campuses Fit

A 5-acre minimum lot is modest by hyperscale standards, so it is unlikely to be the constraint that matters. The 500-foot setback from residential and urban neighborhood districts is more demanding: a 5-acre parcel is only about 470 feet on a side if square, so a small site bordering a neighborhood could struggle to fit a building at all. In practice, the rules steer large projects toward bigger industrial tracts, which Birmingham, with its long manufacturing history, has in supply.

The 1,000-foot separation from high-capacity transit facilities is less common. It keeps land near major transit, which cities typically reserve for housing and employment-dense development, from being absorbed by facilities that employ relatively few people once built. Combined with pre- and post-construction noise studies, acoustical walls and certified-mail notice within 500 feet, the ordinance front-loads community disclosure rather than leaving disputes to surface after construction.

Weighing the City’s ‘Toughest’ Claim

The city’s description of the ordinance as Alabama’s toughest and as a mark of national leadership is its own characterization, and it has not published a side-by-side comparison with other jurisdictions to support it. What can be said is that combining an onsite gas ban, a water-use benchmark, noise studies and power disclosure in a single zoning instrument is more comprehensive than codes that address only setbacks or noise.

For developers, stricter rules are not purely a cost. Clear conditions published in advance reduce the risk of a project being stalled by opposition late in the process, and a site that meets them arrives with a documented answer to the questions neighbors most often raise. The larger point is structural: state-level tax incentives can make Alabama attractive, but in Birmingham it is the city code that now determines whether and how a specific site gets built.

Background

Birmingham grew as an iron and steel center, leaving it with industrial land, heavy electrical infrastructure and rail and utility corridors that suit large facilities. Alabama has courted data centers with state tax incentives and has already drawn large projects from companies such as Google and Meta elsewhere in the state.

Nationally, the surge in AI computing has driven demand for ever-larger data centers that consume significant electricity and, depending on cooling design, water. Many local zoning codes were written before facilities of this scale existed, and cities have begun adding specific rules on siting, noise, water and power as proposals arrive.

Sources

Source: The City of Birmingham approves Alabama’s toughest zoning ordinance, establishing 20-point community protections for data center development, the City of Birmingham’s June 9, 2026 announcement of its hyperscale data center zoning rules.