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This litigation consists of twelve actions\npending in the Northern District of California and the Southern District of New York, as listed on\n\nSchedule A.\n\nMicrosoft Corporation, a defendant in several of the New York actions, supports\ncentralization in either the Northern District of California or the Southern District of New York,\nand asks that the MDL be assigned to an experienced transferee judge. Plaintiffs in the Millette\naction support centralization in the Northern District of California. All other responding plaintiffs\noppose centralization, though their alternative positions differ, Plaintiffs in the California class\nactions (Tremblay, Silverman, and Chabon) alternatively support the Northern District of\nCalifornia as the transferee district. Plaintiffs in the two New York class actions (Authors Guild\nand Alter) alternatively suggest the Southern District of New York as the transferee district.\nPlaintiffs in the New York \u201cNews\u201d cases (New York Times, Daily News, and Center for\nInvestigative Reporting) and the New York \u201cDMCA\u201d cases (Raw Story Media and The Intercept)\nalternatively suggest that, if an MDL 1s created, the News and DMCA cases should be centralized\nin the Souther District of New York.?\n\nOn the basis of the papers filed and the hearing session held, we find that the actions listed\non Schedule A involve common questions of fact, and that centralization in the Southern District\nof New York will serve the convenience of the parties and witnesses and promote the just and\n\n* Judge David C. Norton did not participate in the decision of this matter.\n\n! OpenAI, Inc.; OpenAI, L.P.; OpenAI OpCo LLC; OpenAI GP LLC; OpenAI LLC; OpenAI\nGlobal LLC; OAI Corporation LLC; OpenAI Holdings LLC; OpenAI Startup Fund I LLC;\nOpenA] Startup Fund GP I LLC; and OpenAI Startup Fund Management LLC (collectively,\nOpenAT}.\n\n* This alternative suggestion is a nonstarter because the News cases and the DMCA cases are\nalready pending in the Southern District of New York and thus lack the multidistrict character\nrequired by 28 U.S.C. \u00a7 1407{a),\n\n\fEee EE EEE ewe\n\nCase 3:23-cv-03223-AMO Document 436 Filed 04/21/25 Page2of5\n\n2.\n\nefficient conduct of this litigation. These actions share factual questions arising from allegations\nthat OpenAI and Microsoft used copyrighted works, without consent or compensation, to train\ntheir large language models (LLMs), such as GPT-4, which underlie defendants\u2019 generative\nartificial intelligence products, such as OpenAI\u2019s ChatGPT and Microsoft\u2019s Bing Chat (rebranded\nas Copilot), which can algorithmically simulate human reasoning and inference.\u2019 Each action will\ninvolve overlapping, complex, and voluminous discovery regarding how defendants trained and\ndesigned their LLMs.* Given the novel and complicated nature of the technology, there likely will\nbe overlapping experts across these actions. Centralization will eliminate duplicative discovery;\nprevent inconsistent pretrial rulings, particularly as to class certification; and conserve the\nresources of the parties, their counsel, and the judiciary.\n\nThe opposing plaintiffs focus on the differences among the claims in these actions. For\ninstance, they contend class action cases are brought by authors of fiction and non-fiction works\n(primarily novels) who allege that their copyrighted works were infringed when defendants used\nthem as input in the training of their LLMs whereas the News plaintiffs assert that millions of their\ncopyrighted works (newspaper articles) were infringed both when used as input in the training of\ndefendants\u2019 LLMs and by the LLMs output\u2014specifically, that defendants\u2019 artificial intelligence\nproducts generate verbatim and detailed summaries of news content. Plaintiffs also argue that the\nDMCA plaintiffs, unlike plaintiffs in the other cases, do not allege copyright infringement.\nInstead, they allege that defendants violated the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA), 17\nU.S.C. \u00a7 1202, which, inter alia, prohibits the removal of copyright management information (such\nas author, title, copyright, and terms of use information) from a work. Finally, plaintiffs in the\nMillette action, unlike the other plaintiffs, seek to represent a putative class of YouTube content\ncreators whose videos (or, more specifically, transcripts of those videos) were used to train\ndefendants\u2019 LLMs.\n\nThese differences in claims and the underlying material alleged to be infringed do not\npresent a significant obstacle to centralization given the substantial overlap in factual questions\n\n3 According to the parties, LLMs are algorithms that predict words that are likely to follow a given\nstring of text based on the potentially billions of examples used to train it. LLMs encode the\ninformation from a training. corpus that they use to make these predictions as numbers called\n\u201cparameters.\u201d There are, for example, approximately 1.76 trillion parameters in the GPT-4 LLM.\nTraining an LLM allegedly involves storing encoded copies of the training works in computer\nmemory, repeatedly passing them through the model with words masked out, and adjusting the\nparameters to minimize the difference between the masked-out words and the words the model\npredicts to fill in. After being trained on a general corpus, LLMs may be subject to \u201cfine-tuning\u201d\nby, for example, performing additional rounds of training using specific types of works to better\nmimic their content or style, or providing them with human feedback to reinforce desired or\nsuppress undesired behaviors. Once trained, LLMs generate output based on patterns and\nconnections drawn from the training data.\n\n4 According to the parties, defendants have already produced petabytes of data from their training\nsets.\n\fCase 3:23-cv-03223-AMO Document 436 Filed 04/21/25 Page 3of5\n\n-3-\n\nand discovery relating to defendants\u2019 training of their LLMs.\u201d It is not uncommon for transferee\ncoutts to establish separate tracks for actions involving differing claims that allow the actions to\nprogress efficiently. See, e.g., In re Jan. 2021 Short Squeeze Trading Litig., MDL No, 2989, 2021\nWL 1258399, at *3 (J.P.M.L. Apr. 2, 2021) (\u2018The transferee court, though, can employ any number\nof pretrial techniques\u2014such as establishing claim-specific or defendant specific tracks and\ncreating an attorney leadership structure that reflects the differences in the claims\u2014to manage the\ndifferences that these actions may present.\u201d).\n\nThe opposing plaintiffs also argue that Judge Araceli Martinez-Olguin in the Northern\nDistrict of California and Judge Sidney H. Stein in the Southern District of New York, as well as\ntheir assigned magistrate judges, are already closely coordinating with one another with respect to\ndiscovery. While this informal coordination is commendable, we are persuaded that Section 1407\ncentralization will ensure overall economies. The currently assigned judges and magistrate judges\nhave dedicated substantial time and resources to this litigation, and far more will be required as\npretrial proceedings progress to the deposition stage. Moreover, these judges will be called upon\nto resolve duplicative discovery disputes and overlapping dispositive and class certification\nmotions. Centralization will allow a single judge to coordinate discovery, streamline pretrial\nproceedings, and eliminate inconsistent rulings.\n\nThe opposing plaintiffs insist that pretrial proceedings in the class actions and the News\nactions are too advanced for centralization to be beneficial. We do not find this argument\npersuasive. Counsel stated during oral argument that only four depositions have been taken thus\nfar and, at a minimum, forty more depositions will be needed in the class actions alone. The parties\nhave been unable to agree on a deposition coordination protocol to eliminate duplicative\ndepositions of defense witnesses\u2014-indeed, much of the recent briefing by the parties and oral\nargument before the Panel consisted of counsel blaming the other side for the breakdown in\nnegotiations. Opportunities abound for the transferee judge to redirect the parties onto a more\nefficient path and eliminate the potential for duplicative discovery and pretrial motion practice, as\nwell as inconsistent pretrial rulings and scheduling.\n\nFinally, the opposing plaintiffs argue that OpenAI cannot seek centralization under the\nterms of a January 2024 stipulation and order in the New York class actions. We need not resolve\nthe parties\u2019 dispute regarding the interpretation of this stipulation because, regardless of whether\nOpenAI could request centralization under the stipulation, this Panel itself can certainly order It.\nSee 28 U.S.C. \u00a7 1407(c) (granting the Panel the authority to centralize civil actions upon its own\ninitiative); Hearing Session Order, MDL No, 3143 (J.P.M_L. Feb. 14, 2025), ECF No. 65 (\u201cIT IS\nFURTHER ORDERED that the Panel may, on its own initiative, consider transfer of any or all of\nthe actions in those matters [listed on the attached Schedule] to any district or districts.\u201d). Cf Uber\nTechs., Inc. v. U.S. Jud. Panel on Multidistrict Litig., No. 23-3445, \u2014 F.4th __, 2025 WL 748135,\nat *8 (9th Cir. Mar. 10, 2025) (\u201cEt is clear from the text of Section 1407 that the statute does not\ncreate an individual right to centralization that may be waived but instead vests the JPML with a\n\n> Even the most unique of these actions\u2014the Millette YouTube action\u2014will share common factual\nquestions and significant discovery regarding the training of defendants\u2019 LLMs.\n\fCase 3:23-cv-03223-AMO Document 436 Filed 04/21/25 Page4of5\n\n4.\n\npower to manage the federal docket by centralizing cases that is unfettered by private\nagreements.\u201d\u2019).\n\nThe Southern District of New York is an appropriate transferee district for this litigation.\nEight of the twelve actions in this docket are already pending in this convenient and accessible\nvenue, Several plaintiffs, as well as Microsoft Corporation, alternatively suggest or do not oppose\ncenttalization in the Southern District of New York. Judge Sidney H. Stein, an experienced\ntransferee judge, presides over six of the eight actions in the district. Both he and Magistrate Judge\nOna T. Wang have devoted substantial time and resources to this litigation, and thus are well\nsituated to steer this litigation on a prudent and expeditious course.\n\nIT IS THEREFORE ORDERED that the actions listed on Schedule A and pending outside\nthe Southern District of New York are transferred to the Southern District of New York and, with\n\nthe consent of that court, assigned to the Honorable Sidney H. Stein for coordinated or consolidated\npretrial proceedings.\n\nPANEL ON MULTIDISTRICT LITIGATION\n\nSiu LAL. Lo Date \u00e9 f\n\nKaren K. Caldwell\n\nChair\nNathaniel M. Gorton Matthew F. Kennelly\nRoger T. Benitez Dale A. Kimball\nMadeline Cox Arleo\nA CERTIFIED COPY\n\nTAMMLM: HELLWIG, CLERK\n\nBY \u00a2f( 4eca_\n\nDeputy Clerk\n\n\fOE EEE EEE REE EEE EEE DEED EEE EEE ET\nCase 3:23-cv-03223-AMO Document 436 Filed 04/21/25 Page5of5 :\n\nIN RE: OPENAI, INC., COPYRIGHT\nINFRINGEMENT LITIGATION MDL No. 3143\n\n|\n|\nSCHEDULE A |\n|\n|\n\nNorthern District of California\n\nTREMBLAY, ET AL. v. OPENAL, INC., ET AL., C.A. No. 3:23\u2014-03223 |\nSILVERMAN, ET AL. v. OPENAT, INC., ET AL., C.A. No. 3:23\u2014-03416\nCHABON, ET AL. v. OPENAL INC., ET AL., C.A, No, 3:23-04625\nMILLETTE vy. OPENAI, INC., ET AL., C.A. No. 5:24-04710 |\n\nSouthern District of New York\n\nAUTHORS GUILD, ET AL. v. OPENAL, INC., ET AL., C.A. No. 1:23-08292\nALTER, ET AL. v. OPENAL, INC., ET AL., C_A. No. 1:23-10211\nTHE NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY v. MICROSOFT CORPORATION, ET AL.,\nC.A. No. 1:23-11195\nBASBANES, ET AL. v. MICROSOFT CORPORATION, ET AL., C.A, No. 1:24-00084\nRAW STORY MEDIA, INC., ET AL. v. OPENAI, INC., ET AL., C.A No. 1:24-01514\nTHE INTERCEPT MEDIA, INC, v. OPENAL INC., ET AL., C.A. No. 1:24-01515\nDAILY NEWS LP, ET AL. v. MICROSOFT CORPORATION, ET AL.,\nC.A. No, 1:24-03285\nTHE CENTER FOR INVESTIGATIVE REPORTING, INC. v. OPENAI, INC., ET AL.,\nC.A. No. 1:24-04872\n\n","ocr_status":1,"date_upload":"2025-09-23T06:39:58.675739-07:00","document_number":"436","attachment_number":null,"pacer_doc_id":"035025653170","is_available":true,"is_free_on_pacer":true,"is_sealed":null,"document_type":1,"description":"Order Transferring Case","acms_document_guid":""}],"date_created":"2025-04-21T11:33:46.095136-07:00","date_modified":"2026-05-19T12:21:33.748354-07:00","date_filed":"2025-04-21","time_filed":"11:26:32","entry_number":436,"recap_sequence_number":"2025-04-21.001","pacer_sequence_number":1674,"description":"TRANSFER ORDER from Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation, pursuant to 28 USC 1407, transferring civil case 3:23-cv-03223-AMO, Tremblay, et al v. OpenAI, Inc. et al to the Southern District of New York to become part of MDL No. 3143. (dhm, COURT STAFF) (Filed on 4/21/2025) (Entered: 04/21/2025)","tags":[]},{"resource_uri":"https://www.courtlistener.com/api/rest/v4/docket-entries/421943423/","id":421943423,"docket":"https://www.courtlistener.com/api/rest/v4/dockets/67538258/","recap_documents":[{"resource_uri":"https://www.courtlistener.com/api/rest/v4/recap-documents/435958155/","id":435958155,"tags":[],"absolute_url":"/docket/67538258/435/tremblay-v-openai-inc/","date_created":"2025-04-10T00:22:43.937485-07:00","date_modified":"2026-05-19T12:21:33.714076-07:00","sha1":"","page_count":null,"file_size":null,"filepath_local":null,"filepath_ia":"","ia_upload_failure_count":null,"thumbnail":null,"thumbnail_status":0,"plain_text":"","ocr_status":null,"date_upload":null,"document_number":"435","attachment_number":null,"pacer_doc_id":"","is_available":false,"is_free_on_pacer":null,"is_sealed":null,"document_type":1,"description":"Terminate Hearings","acms_document_guid":""}],"date_created":"2025-04-10T00:22:43.901069-07:00","date_modified":"2026-05-19T12:21:33.690785-07:00","date_filed":"2025-04-08","time_filed":null,"entry_number":435,"recap_sequence_number":"2025-04-08.001","pacer_sequence_number":null,"description":"ORDER re 397 : In light of the JPML's transfer order and impending transfer of this case to the Southern District of New York, the April 17, 2025 hearing is VACATED. Signed by Judge Araceli Martinez-Olguin on April 8, 2025. (This is a text-only entry generated by the court. There is no document associated with this entry.) (amolc2, COURTSTAFF) (Filed on 4/8/2025) (Entered: 04/08/2025)","tags":[]},{"resource_uri":"https://www.courtlistener.com/api/rest/v4/docket-entries/421783149/","id":421783149,"docket":"https://www.courtlistener.com/api/rest/v4/dockets/67538258/","recap_documents":[{"resource_uri":"https://www.courtlistener.com/api/rest/v4/recap-documents/435793065/","id":435793065,"tags":[],"absolute_url":"","date_created":"2025-04-08T16:04:02.806283-07:00","date_modified":"2025-04-08T16:04:02.810095-07:00","sha1":"","page_count":null,"file_size":null,"filepath_local":null,"filepath_ia":"","ia_upload_failure_count":null,"thumbnail":null,"thumbnail_status":0,"plain_text":"","ocr_status":null,"date_upload":null,"document_number":"","attachment_number":null,"pacer_doc_id":"","is_available":false,"is_free_on_pacer":null,"is_sealed":null,"document_type":1,"description":"1 - Terminate Hearings AND Order","acms_document_guid":""}],"date_created":"2025-04-08T16:04:02.794027-07:00","date_modified":"2025-04-08T16:04:02.794044-07:00","date_filed":"2025-04-08","time_filed":"15:31:07","entry_number":null,"recap_sequence_number":"2025-04-08.001","pacer_sequence_number":null,"description":"","tags":[]},{"resource_uri":"https://www.courtlistener.com/api/rest/v4/docket-entries/421329562/","id":421329562,"docket":"https://www.courtlistener.com/api/rest/v4/dockets/67538258/","recap_documents":[{"resource_uri":"https://www.courtlistener.com/api/rest/v4/recap-documents/435326753/","id":435326753,"tags":[],"absolute_url":"/docket/67538258/434/tremblay-v-openai-inc/","date_created":"2025-04-03T13:33:17.620806-07:00","date_modified":"2026-05-19T12:21:33.656995-07:00","sha1":"d8d8740f786484a38d6babea47e6e697ce6bd452","page_count":6,"file_size":161370,"filepath_local":"recap/gov.uscourts.cand.414822/gov.uscourts.cand.414822.434.0.pdf","filepath_ia":"https://archive.org/download/gov.uscourts.cand.414822/gov.uscourts.cand.414822.434.0.pdf","ia_upload_failure_count":null,"thumbnail":"recap-thumbnails/gov.uscourts.cand.414822/435326753.thumb.1068.png","thumbnail_status":1,"plain_text":"     Case 3:23-cv-03223-AMO         Document 434     Filed 04/03/25   Page 1 of 6\n\n\n\n 1   ORRICK, HERRINGTON & SUTCLIFF LLP\n     Annette L. Hurst\n 2   The Orrick Building, 405 Howard Street\n     San Francisco, CA 94105-2669\n 3   Telephone: (415) 773-5700\n     Facsimile: (415) 773-5759\n 4   ahurst@orrick.com\n 5   FAEGRE DRINKER BIDDLE & REATH LLP\n     Jared B. Briant (admitted pro hac vice)\n 6   1144 Fifteenth Street, Suite 3400\n     Denver, CO 80202\n 7   Telephone: (303) 607-3500\n     Facsimile: (303) 607-3600\n 8   jared.briant@faegredrinker.com\n 9   Attorneys for non-party Microsoft Corporation\n10\n                               UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT\n11                           NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA\n                             FOR THE COUNTY OF SAN FRANCISCO\n12\n\n13   IN RE OPENAI CHATGPT LITIGATION                 Master File No. 3:23-cv-03223-AMO\n14   This document relates to:                       NON-PARTY MICROSOFT\n                                                     CORPORATION\u2019S OPPOSITION TO\n15   Case No. 3:23-cv-03416-AMO                      PLAINTIFFS\u2019 MOTION FOR RELIEF\n                                                     FROM NON-DISPOSITIVE PRETRIAL\n16   Case No. 3:23-cv-04625-AMO                      ORDER OF MAGISTRATE JUDGE\n                                                     [DKT. 383]\n17\n\n18\n\n19\n\n20\n\n21\n\n22\n\n23\n\n24\n\n25\n\n26\n\n27\n\n28\n     NON-PARTY MICROSOFT CORPORATION\u2019S OPPOSITION TO PLAINTIFFS\u2019 MOTION FOR RELIEF FROM\n                           NON-DISPOSITIVE PRETRIAL ORDER OF MAGISTRATE JUDGE [DKT. 383]\n                                                            Master File No. 3:23-cv-03223-AMO\n\f     Case 3:23-cv-03223-AMO           Document 434        Filed 04/03/25      Page 2 of 6\n\n\n\n 1          Magistrate Judge Illman was correct in all aspects of his rulings related to Plaintiffs\u2019\n 2   document subpoena to Microsoft: (1) Microsoft is not a party in this case and is therefore\n 3   afforded the same protections as any other non-party under Rule 45; (2) most of the documents\n 4   Plaintiffs seek are undisputedly in OpenAI\u2019s possession; and (3) the remaining material at issue is\n 5   not relevant to claims and defenses in this case. Plaintiffs have failed to show that Magistrate\n 6   Judge Illman\u2019s Order was either \u201cclearly erroneous or contrary to law\u201d as required under Federal\n 7   Rule of Civil Procedure 72(a). Microsoft respectfully requests the Court overrule Plaintiffs\u2019\n 8   Objection and decline to modify Magistrate Judge Illman\u2019s Order.\n 9\n     Magistrate Judge Illman Correctly Applied the Standard Under Rules 16 and 45 to\n10   Microsoft.\n11          While Microsoft has invested in and collaborated with OpenAI, Microsoft and OpenAI\n12   have always been and remain separate companies, each with their own generative AI product\n13   offerings that, at times, compete with one another. Magistrate Judge Illman recognized this fact\n14   in correctly ruling that Plaintiffs had not met their burden under Rule 26(b) and Rule 45(d) and\n15   denying Plaintiffs\u2019 motion other than as to the documents that Microsoft agreed to produce.\n16          \u201c[T]he Ninth Circuit has long held that nonparties subject to discovery requests deserve\n17   extra protection from the courts.\u201d High Tech. Med. Instrumentation, Inc. v. New Image Indus.,\n18   Inc., 161 F.R.D. 86, 88 (N.D. Cal. 1995). \u201cUnderlying [those protections] is the recognition that\n19   the term \u2018non-party\u2019 serves as a constant reminder of the reasons for the limitations that\n20   characterize third-party discovery.\u201d Airwair Int\u2019l Ltd. v. Zoetop Bus. Co., 2021 WL 6091263, at\n21   *2 (N.D. Cal. Dec. 23, 2021). Thus, in determining whether to enforce a subpoena, courts must\n22   look both to: (i) Rule 26(b) permitting a court to limit discovery if it \u201cis obtainable from some\n23   other source that is more convenient, less burdensome, or less expensive\u201d or \u201cif the burden or\n24   expense of the proposed discovery outweighs its likely benefit\u201d; and (ii) Rule 45(d) protecting a\n25   non-party from \u201cundue burden or expense.\u201d See, e.g., LegalZoom.Com v. Rocket Law. Inc., 2015\n26   WL 12832823, at *2 (N.D. Cal. Mar. 23, 2015); Nidec Corp. v. Victor Co. of Japan, 249 F.R.D.\n27   575, 577 (N.D. Cal. 2007). Magistrate Judge Illman did just that in denying Plaintiffs\u2019 motion.\n28\n     NON-PARTY MICROSOFT CORPORATION\u2019S OPPOSITION TO PLAINTIFFS\u2019 MOTION FOR RELIEF FROM\n                           NON-DISPOSITIVE PRETRIAL ORDER OF MAGISTRATE JUDGE [DKT. 383]\n                                                            Master File No. 3:23-cv-03223-AMO\n\f     Case 3:23-cv-03223-AMO            Document 434         Filed 04/03/25       Page 3 of 6\n\n\n\n 1          Plaintiffs\u2019 allegation that Microsoft is not entitled to the protections of Rules 26 and 45\n 2   based on unsupported accusations of a conspiracy are untimely and unfounded. As an initial\n 3   matter, this is an entirely new argument that was not presented to Magistrate Judge Illman in the\n 4   letter brief, at the hearing, or in the joint status report. \u201cAlthough this Court has discretion to\n 5   consider new legal arguments that were not presented to the magistrate judge, the ordinary\n 6   attitude should be to refuse to entertain objections based on legal arguments that were not\n 7   presented to the magistrate judge.\u201d Shenzhenshi Haitiecheng Sci. & Tech. Co. v. Rearden LLC,\n 8   2016 WL 5930289, at *13 (N.D. Cal. Oct. 11, 2016) (internal quotations omitted). Even if this\n 9   argument is considered, it should be rejected. Plaintiffs provide absolutely no evidence\n10   supporting their unfounded contentions of a conspiracy, nor do they provide any precedent stating\n11   that such an allegation alleviates Plaintiffs\u2019 burden under Rules 26 and 45.\n12\n     Magistrate Judge Illman Correctly Found That Nearly All of the Documents Sought Are\n13   Properly Obtained From OpenAI.\n14          Most of the documents Plaintiffs seek are undisputedly in OpenAI\u2019s possession. See Dkt.\n15   409-8, Requests 1-3, 7, 9, 11-13 (expressly requesting documents between or exchanged with\n16   OpenAI), 4-6, 8, 14 (requesting documents on topics that also likely exist with OpenAI). \u201cThere\n17   is simply no reason to burden nonparties when the documents sought are in possession of the\n18   party defendant.\u201d Nidec, 249 F.R.D. at 577. Magistrate Judge Illman properly applied this\n19   standard in ruling during the hearing that Plaintiffs had not met the burden of showing that they\n20   were entitled to discovery from Microsoft for documents that OpenAI should have. Dkt. 409-9,\n21   28:17-25, 30:18-31:2. Magistrate Judge Illman recognized that Plaintiffs were \u201ctrying to tie\n22   [Microsoft and OpenAI] into this intimate relationship . . . to sort of get around\u201d making the\n23   requisite showing that the documents are not equally available from OpenAI, but he recognized\n24   \u201cMicrosoft is not a party to this action\u201d and determined that he was \u201cnot going to let [Plaintiffs]\n25   stretch through the rules related to non-parties as it relates to that.\u201d Id., 30:18-31:2.\n26\n\n27\n\n28                                                      2\n     NON-PARTY MICROSOFT CORPORATION\u2019S OPPOSITION TO PLAINTIFFS\u2019 MOTION FOR RELIEF FROM\n                           NON-DISPOSITIVE PRETRIAL ORDER OF MAGISTRATE JUDGE [DKT. 383]\n                                                            Master File No. 3:23-cv-03223-AMO\n\f     Case 3:23-cv-03223-AMO           Document 434         Filed 04/03/25      Page 4 of 6\n\n\n\n 1          Plaintiffs\u2019 Objection does not even engage with this point, instead repeating the false\n 2   narrative1 from the letter brief that Microsoft\u2019s relationship with OpenAI creates an \u201cexception\u201d\n 3   to this requirement. Dkt. 410 at 5 (citing Soto v. Castlerock Farming & Transp., Inc., 282 F.R.D.\n 4   492, 505 (E.D. Cal. 2012)).2 However, consistent with Magistrate Judge Illman\u2019s ruling during\n 5   the hearing, the Soto court found that \u201cwhen an opposing party and a non-party both possess\n 6   documents, the documents should be sought from the party to the case\u201d and only granted the\n 7   motion once the requesting party showed that the opposing party refused to provide the\n 8   documents. 282 F.R.D. at 505. Plaintiffs have not made that showing here. Plaintiffs\u2019 footnote\n 9   alleging that OpenAI\u2019s refusal to add Katie Mayer a custodian justifies its requests to Microsoft\n10   falls short given that Magistrate Judge Illman found that Plaintiffs had not shown that there were\n11   any documents unique to Ms. Mayer. Dkt. 358 at 2. Plaintiffs have likewise not presented any\n12   such evidence here, let alone evidence that Microsoft would possess any such unique documents.\n13   Thus, Plaintiffs have not shown that Magistrate Judge Illman erred in denying their motion as to\n14   the requests seeking documents that are in OpenAI\u2019s possession.\n15\n     Magistrate Judge Illman Correctly Found That Many of the Requests Seek Irrelevant\n16   Information or Are Improper Under the Substantial Need Test or Rules 26 and 45.\n17          As to the remaining documents, Magistrate Judge Illman agreed with Microsoft\u2019s\n18   objection that they largely seek material that is not relevant to any claim or defense in the case.\n19   Sacks Holdings, Inc. v. Vaidya, 2024 WL 4730424, at *3 (N.D. Cal. Nov. 7, 2024) (\u201cThe party\n20   seeking to compel compliance with a subpoena bears the burden of establishing that its request\n21   seeks relevant information and thus falls within the appropriate scope of discovery.\u201d). Magistrate\n22   Judge Illman specifically rejected Plaintiffs\u2019 assertion that any documents that only exist\n23\n     1\n       LegalZoom.com, 2015 WL 12832823, at *2 (finding that requesting party\u2019s \u201cobligation to be\n24   reasonable is not excused by its allegations of connections between\u201d the non-party and the\n     opposing party).\n25\n     2\n       In an attempt to illustrate the relationship between Microsoft and OpenAI, Plaintiffs attach four\n26   documents, none of which were submitted for Magistrate Judge Illman\u2019s consideration. \u201c[A]\n     district court is not required to consider new evidence in reviewing a magistrate judge\u2019s\n27   recommendation.\u201d United States v. Howell, 231 F.3d 615, 622 (9th Cir. 2000) (citing United\n     States v. Raddatz, 447 U.S. 667 (1980)).\n28                                                      3\n     NON-PARTY MICROSOFT CORPORATION\u2019S OPPOSITION TO PLAINTIFFS\u2019 MOTION FOR RELIEF FROM\n                           NON-DISPOSITIVE PRETRIAL ORDER OF MAGISTRATE JUDGE [DKT. 383]\n                                                            Master File No. 3:23-cv-03223-AMO\n\f     Case 3:23-cv-03223-AMO           Document 434         Filed 04/03/25     Page 5 of 6\n\n\n\n 1   internally at Microsoft could be relevant to willfulness allegations against OpenAI, and that\n 2   Plaintiffs\u2019 belief that Microsoft may be in possession of relevant documents beyond those in\n 3   possession of OpenAI is speculative. Dkt. 383 at 2.\n 4          Plaintiffs\u2019 criticism of Magistrate Judge Illman\u2019s discussion of the \u201csubstantial need\u201d\n 5   standard is unfounded. Magistrate Judge Illman was within his discretion to refer to the\n 6   \u201csubstantial need\u201d test. As discussed above, the universe of documents that could be sought from\n 7   Microsoft must be limited to internal Microsoft documents that are not in OpenAI\u2019s possession.\n 8   Any documents that potentially fall into that category are necessarily proprietary documents\n 9   related to Microsoft\u2019s work in the generative AI space and, as such, constitute trade secret or\n10   commercially sensitive information requiring the \u201csubstantial need showing\u201d or are otherwise\n11   irrelevant to Plaintiffs\u2019 claims against OpenAI. The only example Plaintiffs provide of any\n12   documents that are uniquely in Microsoft\u2019s possession, custody, or control are those discussing\n13   \u201cMicrosoft\u2019s assessment of the risks or benefits resulting from OpenAI\u2019s unlawful downloading\n14   of pirated works.\u201d Dkt. 410 at 5. However, Plaintiffs once again fail to provide any rationale for\n15   why such documents that focus solely on Microsoft\u2019s assessment of any risks are at all relevant to\n16   their claims against OpenAI. In any event, Magistrate Judge Illman also found that Plaintiffs had\n17   not met their burden under Rules 26 and 45.\n18          Plaintiffs also incorrectly assert that Magistrate Juge Illman rejected \u201cwithout explanation\n19   or analysis\u201d Plaintiffs\u2019 argument that documents related to \u201cwhen, how, and why OpenAI\n20   informed Microsoft\u201d of its activities were \u201chighly relevant to the willfulness element of Plaintiffs\u2019\n21   infringement claim.\u201d Id. As discussed above, during the hearing, Magistrate Judge Illman\n22   correctly ruled that Plaintiffs had not met their burden of showing that discovery from Microsoft\n23   was proper as to any documents that were also in OpenAI\u2019s possession. In his Order, Magistrate\n24   Judge Illman then properly \u201cagree[d] with Microsoft\u2019s contention that \u2018Plaintiffs\u2019 allegation that\n25   Microsoft\u2019s internal documents could somehow be relevant to a willfulness claim against OpenAI\n26   also rings hollow.\u2019\u201d Dkt. 383 at 2 (citing Dkt. 334 at 5). Thus, Magistrate Judge Illman\n27   specifically addressed this issue and correctly rejected Plaintiffs\u2019 argument.\n28                                                     4\n     NON-PARTY MICROSOFT CORPORATION\u2019S OPPOSITION TO PLAINTIFFS\u2019 MOTION FOR RELIEF FROM\n                           NON-DISPOSITIVE PRETRIAL ORDER OF MAGISTRATE JUDGE [DKT. 383]\n                                                            Master File No. 3:23-cv-03223-AMO\n\f     Case 3:23-cv-03223-AMO            Document 434       Filed 04/03/25     Page 6 of 6\n\n\n\n 1          Plaintiffs\u2019 Objection is nothing more than a thinly veiled attempt by Plaintiffs to hold\n 2   Microsoft to the same standard as a party to this case and obtain full blown discovery of\n 3\n     documents that are either in OpenAI\u2019s possession or are not relevant to the claims and defenses in\n 4\n     this case. This Court should find just as Magistrate Judge Illman did that this is improper and\n 5\n     overrule Plaintiffs\u2019 Objection.\n 6\n\n 7\n\n 8   Dated: April 3, 2025                            FAEGRE DRINKER BIDDLE & REATH LLP\n\n 9\n\n10                                                     By: /s/ Jared B. Briant\n                                                           Jared B. Briant\n11\n                                                       Attorneys for Non-Party Microsoft Corporation\n12\n\n13\n\n14\n\n15\n\n16\n\n17\n\n18\n\n19\n\n20\n\n21\n\n22\n\n23\n\n24\n\n25\n\n26\n\n27\n\n28                                                    5\n     NON-PARTY MICROSOFT CORPORATION\u2019S OPPOSITION TO PLAINTIFFS\u2019 MOTION FOR RELIEF FROM\n                           NON-DISPOSITIVE PRETRIAL ORDER OF MAGISTRATE JUDGE [DKT. 383]\n                                                            Master File No. 3:23-cv-03223-AMO\n\f","ocr_status":2,"date_upload":"2025-04-03T13:34:10.292755-07:00","document_number":"434","attachment_number":null,"pacer_doc_id":"035025589805","is_available":true,"is_free_on_pacer":null,"is_sealed":null,"document_type":1,"description":"Opposition/Response to Motion","acms_document_guid":""}],"date_created":"2025-04-03T13:33:17.609042-07:00","date_modified":"2026-05-19T12:21:33.634796-07:00","date_filed":"2025-04-03","time_filed":"13:09:04","entry_number":434,"recap_sequence_number":"2025-04-03.001","pacer_sequence_number":1668,"description":"OPPOSITION/RESPONSE (re 409 MOTION for Relief from Non-Dispositive Pretrial Order of Magistrate Judge re 383 Order on Discovery Letter Brief,, ) filed byMicrosoft Corporation. (Briant, Jared) (Filed on 4/3/2025) (Entered: 04/03/2025)","tags":[]},{"resource_uri":"https://www.courtlistener.com/api/rest/v4/docket-entries/421224269/","id":421224269,"docket":"https://www.courtlistener.com/api/rest/v4/dockets/67538258/","recap_documents":[{"resource_uri":"https://www.courtlistener.com/api/rest/v4/recap-documents/435218560/","id":435218560,"tags":[],"absolute_url":"/docket/67538258/433/tremblay-v-openai-inc/","date_created":"2025-04-02T19:35:49.826152-07:00","date_modified":"2026-05-19T12:21:33.599543-07:00","sha1":"37b501cb7b09c708bc1e7b3fefe82739c62379b5","page_count":6,"file_size":157626,"filepath_local":"recap/gov.uscourts.cand.414822/gov.uscourts.cand.414822.433.0.pdf","filepath_ia":"https://archive.org/download/gov.uscourts.cand.414822/gov.uscourts.cand.414822.433.0.pdf","ia_upload_failure_count":null,"thumbnail":"recap-thumbnails/gov.uscourts.cand.414822/435218560.thumb.1068.png","thumbnail_status":1,"plain_text":"                       Case 3:23-cv-03223-AMO         Document 433   Filed 04/02/25   Page 1 of 6\n\n\n                   1    LATHAM & WATKINS LLP                              MORRISON & FOERSTER LLP\n                        Andrew M. Gass (SBN 259694)                       Joseph C. Gratz (SBN 240676)\n                   2      andrew.gass@lw.com                               jgratz@mofo.com\n                        Joseph R. Wetzel (SBN 238008)                     Tiffany Cheung (SBN 211497)\n                   3      joe.wetzel@lw.com                                tcheung@mofo.com\n                        505 Montgomery Street, Suite 2000                 Joyce C. Li (SBN 323820)\n                   4    San Francisco, CA 94111                            joyceli@mofo.com\n                        Telephone: 415.391.0600                           Melody E. Wong (SBN 341494)\n                   5                                                       melodywong@mofo.com\n                        Sarang V. Damle (pro hac vice)                    425 Market Street\n                   6     sy.damle@lw.com                                  San Francisco, CA 94105\n                        Elana Nightingale Dawson (pro hac vice)           Telephone: 415.268.7000\n                   7     elana.nightingaledawson@lw.com\n                        Michael A. David (pro hac vice)                   Rose S. Lee (SBN 294658)\n                   8     michael.david@lw.com                              roselee@mofo.com\n                        555 Eleventh Street, NW, Suite 1000               Alexandra M. Ward (SBN 318042)\n                   9    Washington, D.C. 20004                             alexandraward@mofo.com\n                        Telephone: 202.637.2200                           707 Wilshire Boulevard, Suite 6000\n               10                                                         Los Angeles, CA 90017\n                        Allison L. Stillman (pro hac vice)                Telephone: 213.892.5200\n               11        alli.stillman@lw.com\n                        Rachel R. Blitzer (pro hac vice)                  Attorneys for Defendants OpenAI, Inc.,\n               12        rachel.blitzer@lw.com                            OpenAI, L.P., OpenAI OpCo, L.L.C.,\n                        Herman H. Yue (pro hac vice)                      OpenAI GP, L.L.C., OpenAI Startup\n               13        herman.yue@lw.com                                Fund GP I, L.L.C., OpenAI Startup Fund\n                        1271 Avenue of the Americas                       I, L.P., and OpenAI Startup Fund\n               14       New York, NY 10020                                Management, LLC\n                        Telephone: 212.906.1200\n               15\n                        Allison S. Blanco (SBN 287554)\n               16        allison.blanco@lw.com\n                        650 Town Center Drive 20th Floor\n               17       Costa Mesa, CA 92626\n                        Telephone: 714.540.1235\n               18\n                        [CAPTION CONTINUED ON NEXT PAGE]\n               19\n\n               20\n                                                 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT\n               21                              NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA\n                                                    SAN FRANCISCO DIVISION\n               22\n\n               23       IN RE OPENAI CHATGPT LITIGATION                Master File No. 3:23-cv-03223-AMO\n\n               24       This Document Relates To:                      DEFENDANTS\u2019 STATEMENT OF\n                                                                       RECENT DECISION\n               25\n                        Case No. 3:23-cv-03223-AMO                     Hon. Araceli Mart\u00ednez-Olgu\u00edn\n               26       Case No. 3:23-cv-03416-AMO\n                        Case No. 3:23-cv-04625-AMO\n               27\n\n               28\n                                                                                 STATEMENT OF RECENT DECISION\nATTORNEYS AT LAW\n SAN FRANCISCO\n                                                                                      CASE NO. 3:23-cv-03223-AMO\n\f                       Case 3:23-cv-03223-AMO       Document 433   Filed 04/02/25   Page 2 of 6\n\n\n                   1   Max I. Levy (SBN 346289)\n                        mlevy@mofo.com\n                   2   755 Page Mill Road\n                       Palo Alto, CA 94304\n                   3   Telephone: 650.813.5600\n\n                   4   John R. Lanham (SBN 289382)\n                        jlanham@mofo.com\n                   5   Sarah J. Vandervalk (SBN 332651)\n                        svandervalk@mofo.com\n                   6   12531 High Bluff Drive, Suite 100\n                       San Diego, CA 92130\n                   7   Telephone: 858.720.5100\n\n                   8   Eric K. Nikolaides (pro hac vice)\n                        enikolaides@mofo.com\n                   9   Zachary S. Newman (pro hac vice)\n                        znewman@mofo.com\n               10      250 West 55th Street\n                       New York, NY 10019\n               11      Telephone: 212.468.8000\n\n               12      Carolyn M. Homer (SBN 286441)\n                        cmhomer@mofo.com\n               13      2100 L Street, NW, Suite 900\n                       Washington, D.C. 20037\n               14      Telephone: 202.650.4597\n\n               15\n                       KEKER, VAN NEST & PETERS LLP\n               16      Robert A. Van Nest (SBN 84065)\n                        rvannest@keker.com\n               17      R. James Slaughter (SBN 192813)\n                        rslaughter@keker.com\n               18      Paven Malhotra (SBN 258429)\n                        pmalhotra@keker.com\n               19      Michelle S. Ybarra (SBN 260697)\n                        mybarra@keker.com\n               20      Nicholas S. Goldberg (SBN 273614)\n                        ngoldberg@keker.com\n               21      Thomas E. Gorman (SBN 279409)\n                        tgorman@keker.com\n               22      Katie Lynn Joyce (SBN 308263)\n                        kjoyce@keker.com\n               23      Christopher S. Sun (SBN 308945)\n                        csun@keker.com\n               24      Edward A. Bayley (SBN 267532)\n                        ebayley@keker.com\n               25      633 Battery Street\n                       San Francisco, CA 94111\n               26      Telephone: 415.391.5400\n                       Facsimile: 415.397.7188\n               27\n\n               28\n                                                                               STATEMENT OF RECENT DECISION\nATTORNEYS AT LAW\n SAN FRANCISCO\n                                                                                    CASE NO. 3:23-cv-03223-AMO\n\f                       Case 3:23-cv-03223-AMO         Document 433          Filed 04/02/25    Page 3 of 6\n\n\n                   1                     DEFENDANTS\u2019 STATEMENT OF RECENT DECISION\n\n                   2          Pursuant to Northern District of California Civil Local Rule 7-3(d)(2), Defendants\n\n                   3   respectfully submit this Statement of Recent Decision to apprise the Court of a recent order in\n\n                   4   connection with the briefing on Plaintiffs\u2019 Motion for Leave to File Second Amended Complaint\n\n                   5   (ECF Nos. 371, 401, 414).\n\n                   6          In Concord Music Group, Inc. et al. v. Anthropic PBC, No. 5:24-cv-03811 (N.D. Cal.), a\n\n                   7   case involving copyright infringement and DMCA claims against another generative AI company,\n\n                   8   the plaintiffs alleged that defendant Anthropic \u201cintentionally removed or altered copyright\n\n                   9   management information from [plaintiffs\u2019] musical compositions, and/or distributed or imported\n\n               10      for distribution copies of [plaintiffs\u2019] musical compositions knowing that copyright management\n\n               11      information has been removed or altered,\u201d in violation of 17 U.S.C. \u00a7 1202(b). See Complaint,\n\n               12      Concord Music Group, No. 5:24-cv-03811, ECF No. 1 \u00b6 149 (attached hereto as Exhibit 1). On\n\n               13      March 26, 2025, the United States District Court for the Northern District of California dismissed\n\n               14      plaintiffs\u2019 Section 1202(b)(1) claims with leave to amend. See Order Granting Motion to Dismiss\n\n               15      with Leave to Amend, Concord Music Group, No. 5:24-cv-03811, ECF No. 322 at 9-12 (attached\n\n               16      hereto as Exhibit 2).\n\n               17\n\n               18      Dated: April 2, 2025                         Respectfully Submitted,\n\n               19\n                                                                    By: /s/ Rose S. Lee\n               20\n                                                                    MORRISON & FOERSTER LLP\n               21                                                   Joseph C. Gratz (SBN 240676)\n                                                                     jgratz@mofo.com\n               22                                                   Tiffany Cheung (SBN 211497)\n                                                                     tcheung@mofo.com\n               23                                                   Joyce C. Li (SBN 323820)\n                                                                     joyceli@mofo.com\n               24                                                   Melody E. Wong (SBN 341494)\n                                                                     melodywong@mofo.com\n               25                                                   425 Market Street\n                                                                    San Francisco, CA 94105\n               26                                                   Telephone: 415.268.7000\n               27\n\n               28\n                                                                                          STATEMENT OF RECENT DECISION\nATTORNEYS AT LAW\n SAN FRANCISCO                                                          1                      CASE NO. 3:23-cv-03223-AMO\n\f                       Case 3:23-cv-03223-AMO   Document 433       Filed 04/02/25   Page 4 of 6\n\n\n                   1                                     Rose S. Lee (SBN 294658)\n                                                          roselee@mofo.com\n                   2                                     Alexandra M. Ward (SBN 318042)\n                                                          alexandraward@mofo.com\n                   3                                     707 Wilshire Boulevard, Suite 6000\n                                                         Los Angeles, CA 90017\n                   4                                     Telephone: 213.892.5200\n\n                   5                                     Eric Nikolaides (pro hac vice)\n                                                          enikolaides@mofo.com\n                   6                                     Zachary S. Newman (pro hac vice)\n                                                          znewman@mofo.com\n                   7                                     250 West 55th Street\n                                                         New York, NY 10019\n                   8                                     Telephone: 212.468.8000\n\n                   9                                     Max I. Levy (SBN 346289)\n                                                          mlevy@mofo.com\n               10                                        755 Page Mill Road\n                                                         Palo Alto, CA 94304\n               11                                        Telephone: 650.813.5600\n\n               12                                        John R. Lanham (SBN 289382)\n                                                          jlanham@mofo.com\n               13                                        Sarah J. Vandervalk (SBN 332651)\n                                                          svandervalk@mofo.com\n               14                                        12531 High Bluff Drive, Suite 100\n                                                         San Diego, CA 92130\n               15                                        Telephone: 858.720.5100\n\n               16                                        Carolyn M. Homer (SBN 286441)\n                                                          cmhomer@mofo.com\n               17                                        2100 L Street, NW, Suite 900\n                                                         Washington, DC 20037\n               18                                        Telephone: 202.650.4597p\n\n               19\n                                                         By: /s/ Allison S. Blanco     ______________\n               20\n                                                         LATHAM & WATKINS LLP\n               21                                        Andrew M. Gass (SBN 259694)\n                                                          andrew.gass@lw.com\n               22                                        Joseph R. Wetzel (SBN 238008)\n                                                          joe.wetzel@lw.com\n               23                                        505 Montgomery Street, Suite 2000\n                                                         San Francisco, CA 94111\n               24                                        Telephone: 415.391.0600\n\n               25\n\n               26\n\n               27\n\n               28\n                                                                               STATEMENT OF RECENT DECISION\nATTORNEYS AT LAW\n SAN FRANCISCO                                                 2                    CASE NO. 3:23-cv-03223-AMO\n\f                       Case 3:23-cv-03223-AMO   Document 433       Filed 04/02/25   Page 5 of 6\n\n\n                   1                                     Sarang V. Damle (pro hac vice)\n                                                          sy.damle@lw.com\n                   2                                     Elana Nightingale Dawson (pro hac vice)\n                                                          elana.nightingaledawson@lw.com\n                   3                                     Michael A. David (pro hac vice)\n                                                          michael.david@lw.com\n                   4                                     555 Eleventh Street, NW, Suite 1000\n                                                         Washington, D.C. 20004\n                   5                                     Telephone: 202.637.2200\n\n                   6                                     Allison L. Stillman (pro hac vice)\n                                                          alli.stillman@lw.com\n                   7                                     Rachel R. Blitzer (pro hac vice)\n                                                          rachel.blitzer@lw.com\n                   8                                     Herman H. Yue (pro hac vice)\n                                                          herman.yue@lw.com\n                   9                                     1271 Avenue of the Americas\n                                                         New York, NY 10020\n               10                                        Telephone: 212.906.1200\n\n               11                                        Allison S. Blanco (SBN 287554)\n                                                          allison.blanco@lw.com\n               12                                        650 Town Center Drive 20th Floor\n                                                         Costa Mesa, CA 92626\n               13                                        Telephone: 714.540.1235\n\n               14                                        By: /s/ Christopher S. Sun ______________\n\n               15                                        KEKER, VAN NEST & PETERS LLP\n                                                         Robert A. Van Nest (SBN 84065)\n               16                                         rvannest@keker.com\n                                                         R. James Slaughter (SBN 192813)\n               17                                         rslaughter@keker.com\n                                                         Paven Malhotra (SBN 258429)\n               18                                         pmalhotra@keker.com\n                                                         Michelle S. Ybarra (SBN 260697)\n               19                                         mybarra@keker.com\n                                                         Nicholas S. Goldberg (SBN 273614)\n               20                                         ngoldberg@keker.com\n                                                         Thomas E. Gorman (SBN 279409)\n               21                                         tgorman@keker.com\n                                                         Katie Lynn Joyce (SBN 308263)\n               22                                         kjoyce@keker.com\n                                                         Christopher S. Sun (SBN 308945)\n               23                                         csun@keker.com\n                                                         Edward A. Bayley (SBN 267532)\n               24                                         ebayley@keker.com\n                                                         633 Battery Street\n               25                                        San Francisco, CA 94111\n                                                         Telephone: 415.391.5400\n               26                                        Facsimile: 415.397.7188\n\n               27\n\n               28                                        Attorneys for OpenAI Defendants\n\n                                                                               STATEMENT OF RECENT DECISION\nATTORNEYS AT LAW\n SAN FRANCISCO                                                 3                    CASE NO. 3:23-cv-03223-AMO\n\f                       Case 3:23-cv-03223-AMO          Document 433        Filed 04/02/25      Page 6 of 6\n\n\n                   1                                      ATTESTATION CLAUSE\n\n                   2          I am the ECF User whose identification and password are being used to file the foregoing.\n\n                   3   Pursuant to Local Rule 5-1(i)(3) regarding signatures, I, Allison S. Blanco, attest that concurrence\n\n                   4   in the filing of this document has been obtained.\n\n                   5\n\n                   6   Dated: April 2, 2025                                    /s/ Allison S. Blanco\n                                                                               Allison S. Blanco\n                   7\n\n                   8\n\n                   9\n\n               10\n\n               11\n\n               12\n\n               13\n\n               14\n\n               15\n\n               16\n\n               17\n\n               18\n\n               19\n\n               20\n\n               21\n\n               22\n\n               23\n\n               24\n\n               25\n\n               26\n\n               27\n\n               28\n                                                                                         STATEMENT OF RECENT DECISION\nATTORNEYS AT LAW\n SAN FRANCISCO\n                                                                                                   CASE NO. 3:23-cv-03223-AMO\n\f","ocr_status":2,"date_upload":"2025-04-02T19:38:21.798508-07:00","document_number":"433","attachment_number":null,"pacer_doc_id":"035025587700","is_available":true,"is_free_on_pacer":null,"is_sealed":null,"document_type":1,"description":"Statement of Recent Decision","acms_document_guid":""},{"resource_uri":"https://www.courtlistener.com/api/rest/v4/recap-documents/454181357/","id":454181357,"tags":[],"absolute_url":"/docket/67538258/433/1/tremblay-v-openai-inc/","date_created":"2025-10-01T21:27:44.601969-07:00","date_modified":"2025-10-01T21:27:44.601983-07:00","sha1":"","page_count":61,"file_size":515473,"filepath_local":null,"filepath_ia":"","ia_upload_failure_count":null,"thumbnail":null,"thumbnail_status":0,"plain_text":"","ocr_status":null,"date_upload":null,"document_number":"433","attachment_number":1,"pacer_doc_id":"035025587701","is_available":false,"is_free_on_pacer":null,"is_sealed":null,"document_type":2,"description":"Exhibit 1","acms_document_guid":""},{"resource_uri":"https://www.courtlistener.com/api/rest/v4/recap-documents/454181358/","id":454181358,"tags":[],"absolute_url":"/docket/67538258/433/2/tremblay-v-openai-inc/","date_created":"2025-10-01T21:27:44.615815-07:00","date_modified":"2025-10-01T21:27:44.615823-07:00","sha1":"","page_count":13,"file_size":251867,"filepath_local":null,"filepath_ia":"","ia_upload_failure_count":null,"thumbnail":null,"thumbnail_status":0,"plain_text":"","ocr_status":null,"date_upload":null,"document_number":"433","attachment_number":2,"pacer_doc_id":"035025587702","is_available":false,"is_free_on_pacer":null,"is_sealed":null,"document_type":2,"description":"Exhibit 2","acms_document_guid":""}],"date_created":"2025-04-02T19:35:49.793930-07:00","date_modified":"2026-11-02T05:49:39.537223-08:00","date_filed":"2025-04-02","time_filed":"19:08:31","entry_number":433,"recap_sequence_number":"2025-04-02.001","pacer_sequence_number":1666,"description":"STATEMENT OF RECENT DECISION pursuant to Civil Local Rule 7-3.d filed byOpenAI, Inc., OpenAI, L.P., OpenAI OpCo, L.L.C., OpenAI GP, L.L.C., OpenAI Startup Fund GP I, L.L.C., OpenAI Startup Fund I, L.P., OpenAI Startup Fund Management, LLC. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit 1, # 2 Exhibit 2)(Blanco, Allison) (Filed on 4/2/2025) (Entered: 04/02/2025)","tags":[]},{"resource_uri":"https://www.courtlistener.com/api/rest/v4/docket-entries/421219215/","id":421219215,"docket":"https://www.courtlistener.com/api/rest/v4/dockets/67538258/","recap_documents":[{"resource_uri":"https://www.courtlistener.com/api/rest/v4/recap-documents/435213386/","id":435213386,"tags":[],"absolute_url":"/docket/67538258/432/tremblay-v-openai-inc/","date_created":"2025-04-02T17:04:00.100633-07:00","date_modified":"2026-05-19T12:21:33.549571-07:00","sha1":"096c61eb2768c4df2d053cb672ce4999eb1c4f3f","page_count":5,"file_size":191091,"filepath_local":"recap/gov.uscourts.cand.414822/gov.uscourts.cand.414822.432.0.pdf","filepath_ia":"https://archive.org/download/gov.uscourts.cand.414822/gov.uscourts.cand.414822.432.0.pdf","ia_upload_failure_count":null,"thumbnail":"recap-thumbnails/gov.uscourts.cand.414822/435213386.thumb.1068.png","thumbnail_status":1,"plain_text":"     Case 3:23-cv-03223-AMO          Document 432    Filed 04/02/25   Page 1 of 5\n\n\n\n\n 1 SHEPPARD, MULLIN, RICHTER & HAMPTON LLP\n   A Limited Liability Partnership\n 2 Including Professional Corporations\n   KHIRIN A. BUNKER, Cal. Bar No. 329314\n 3\n   350 South Grand Avenue, 40th Floor\n 4 Los Angeles, California 90071-3460\n   Telephone: 213.620.1780\n 5 Facsimile: 213.620.1398\n   Email kbunker@sheppardmullin.com\n 6\n   Attorneys for Non-Party Reuters News & Media, Inc.\n 7\n\n 8\n                                  UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT\n 9                               NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA\n10                                   SAN FRANCISCO DIVISION\n11                                                  Master File No. 23-cv-3223-AMO\n     IN RE OPENAI CHATGPT LITIGATION\n12                                                  NON-PARTY REUTERS NEWS &\n     This document relates to:                      MEDIA, INC.\u2019S OPPOSITION TO\n13                                                  PLAINTIFFS\u2019 MOTION FOR RELIEF\n     Case No. 3:23-cv-03416-AMO                     FROM NON-DISPOSITIVE PRETRIAL\n14\n     Case No. 3:23-cv-04625-AMO                     ORDER OF MAGISTRATE JUDGE [ECF\n15                                                  No. 378]\n\n16\n\n17\n\n18\n\n19\n\n20\n\n21\n\n22\n\n23\n\n24\n\n25\n\n26\n\n27\n\n28\n\n\n     SMRH:4919-8711-9151\n\f     Case 3:23-cv-03223-AMO            Document 432          Filed 04/02/25    Page 2 of 5\n\n\n\n\n 1           Non-Party Reuters News & Media Inc. (\u201cReuters\u201d) hereby opposes Plaintiffs\u2019 Motion For\n\n 2 Relief From Non-Dispositive Pretrial Order of Magistrate Judge [ECF 378] (the \u201cMotion\u201d).\n\n 3                                            INTRODUCTION\n\n 4           Prior to Plaintiffs\u2019 motion to compel being filed, Reuters confirmed to Plaintiffs\u2019 counsel\n\n 5 that it had no agreements and/or other documents involving the copyrighted materials at issue in the\n\n 6 First Consolidated Amended Complaint, or otherwise involving Plaintiffs whatsoever. Ignoring\n\n 7 these facts, Plaintiffs continued to demand sweeping categories of Reuters\u2019 confidential documents\n\n 8 and communications \u2013 spanning over ten years \u2013 on the grounds that any information regarding\n\n 9 licensing of \u201ctextual data\u201d might be somehow relevant to OpenAI\u2019s \u201canticipated\u201d fair use defense or\n10 damages. When Reuters refused to produce this information, Plaintiffs moved to compel.\n\n11           As Judge Illman correctly found in denying Plaintiffs\u2019 motion to compel, Plaintiffs are not\n12 entitled to \u201cundeniably confidential commercial information (if not trade secrets) from one non-\n\n13 party, Reuters, about its relationship with another non-party\u201d simply because they served a subpoena\n\n14 and deemed the materials \u201crelevant.\u201d (ECF 378 at 4.) Rather, Rule 45 required that Plaintiffs make\n\n15 a \u201cconcrete, not speculative\u201d showing of \u201csubstantial need\u201d for the requested materials. Id.\n\n16 Plaintiffs wholly failed to meet this burden and their motion was denied. (Id. at 4-5 (\u201cwhat\n\n17 Plaintiffs have not done is to even mention (let alone convincingly establish) why the essence of this\n\n18 information (i.e., its upshot or import, which is merely information about the existence of a market\n\n19 for licensing copyrighted \u2018textual data\u2019 to train an AI model) cannot be either obtained from\n\n20 OpenAI, or by expert witness testimony, or by any other means that would not involve prying into\n\n21 the confidential commercial information of two non-parties\u201d).) Hence, there was no \u201cclear error\u201d by\n\n22 Judge Illman, Plaintiffs simply disagree with the outcome.\n\n23           For these, and the reasons discussed below, Plaintiffs\u2019 disagreement with Judge Illman\u2019s\n24 findings does not warrant relief under Rule 72 and their Motion should be denied.\n\n25                                           LEGAL STANDARD\n26           A magistrate judge\u2019s non-dispositive pretrial order may only be reversed if it \u201cis clearly\n\n27 erroneous or is contrary to law.\u201d 28 U.S.C. \u00a7 636(b)(1)(A); Fed. R. Civ. P. 72(a). \u201cThe standard for\n\n28 review of magistrate judge\u2019s non-dispositive ruling under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 72(a) is\n\n                                                       -1-\n     SMRH:4919-8711-9151\n\f     Case 3:23-cv-03223-AMO            Document 432           Filed 04/02/25    Page 3 of 5\n\n\n\n\n 1 highly deferential.\u201d Magana-Munoz v. W. Coast Berry Farms, LLC, No. 5:20-CV-02087-EJD, 2022\n\n 2 WL 6584545, at *2 (N.D. Cal. Sept. 29, 2022). \u201cThe reviewing court may not simply substitute its\n\n 3 judgment for that of the deciding court,\u201d it must review the order for clear error. Grimes v. City &\n\n 4 Cnty. of San Francisco, 951 F.2d 236, 241 (9th Cir. 1991). \u201cThere is clear error only when the court\n\n 5 is \u2018left with the definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been committed.'\u201d Zepeda v. Paypal,\n\n 6 Inc., 2014 WL 4354386, at *3 (N.D. Cal. Sept. 2, 2014) (quoting Easley v. Cromartie, 532 U.S. 234,\n\n 7 242 (2001)).\n\n 8                                                ARGUMENT\n\n 9 A.        Plaintiffs\u2019 Rejections of Reuters\u2019 Efforts To Compromise Do Not Support Reversal\n10           As an initial matter, Plaintiffs misconstrue the scope of the dispute before Judge Illman by\n11 asserting that Reuters \u201cagreed\u201d to produce certain materials and Plaintiffs\u2019 motion to compel thus\n\n12 involved only \u201cadditional material\u201d sought by their Subpoena. (ECF 405 at 2.) This is untrue.\n\n13 Reuters, through counsel, did seek to resolve its well-founded objections to the burdensome requests\n\n14 in the Subpoena in an effort to avoid incurring the costs of motion practice. (See ECF 348-1, \u00b6\u00b64-5.)\n\n15 Plaintiffs\u2019 counsel rejected these efforts out of hand and no agreement was ever reached by the\n\n16 parties. Nevertheless, Plaintiffs claim that \u201cJudge Illman ignored the parties\u2019 agreement and denied\n\n17 the Motion in its entirety [. . .] rather than simply denying the Motion as to the additional material\n\n18 Plaintiffs sought.\u201d (ECF 405 at 2 (emphasis added).) But even setting aside Plaintiffs\u2019\n\n19 mischaracterization of an \u201cagreement\u201d, they have not shown \u201cclear error\u201d as Judge Illman did\n\n20 expressly consider Plaintiffs\u2019 rejection of Reuters\u2019 offer in ruling on their motion. (See ECF 378 at\n\n21 p. 3 (discussing Reuters\u2019 \u201coffered compromise\u201d).) Put simply, Plaintiffs\u2019 refusal to compromise\n\n22 before a ruling was reached does not support reversal of the Order and Reuters should not now be\n\n23 penalized for attempting to negotiate a resolution (without waiver of its objections).\n\n24 B.        Judge Illman Correctly Found That Plaintiffs Did Not Establish \u201cSubstantial Need\u201d\n25           For The Requested Materials\n26            Plaintiffs further continue to ignore that \u201c[t]he \u2018mere relevance standard [ ] does not apply to\n27 nonparties\u2019\u201d and that \u201c[a] party seeking to obtain discovery from a nonparty \u2018must demonstrate that\n\n28 its need for discovery outweighs the nonparty\u2019s interest in nondisclosure.\u2019\u201d Vena v. Moore,\n\n                                                        -2-\n     SMRH:4919-8711-9151\n\f     Case 3:23-cv-03223-AMO            Document 432          Filed 04/02/25    Page 4 of 5\n\n\n\n\n 1 Schulman & Moore, APC, No. 22CV437-W(BLM), 2023 WL 6194315, at *3 (S.D. Cal. Mar. 24,\n\n 2 2023). Rather, in seeking Reuters\u2019 confidential and trade secret material, Plaintiffs were required to\n\n 3 establish a \u201csubstantial need for the [. . .] material that cannot be otherwise met without undue\n\n 4 hardship.\u201d Fed. R. Civ. Proc. 45(c)(3)(B).\n\n 5           As Judge Illman\u2019s order correctly reflects, \u201c[t]he determination of substantial need is\n\n 6 particularly important in the context of enforcing a subpoena when discovery of trade secret or\n\n 7 confidential commercial information is sought from non-parties.\u201d See Gonzales v. Google, Inc., 234\n\n 8 F.R.D. 674, 685 (N.D. Cal. 2006) (citing Mattel Inc. v. Walking Mt. Prods., 353 F.3d 792, 814 (9th\n\n 9 Cir. 2003)). Thus, Plaintiffs were required to make a \u201cconcrete, not speculative\u201d showing of\n10 \u201csubstantial need\u201d for the requested materials. (ECF 378 at 4-5.)\n\n11           Here, as they did in their motion to compel, Plaintiffs broadly assert that Reuters\u2019 documents\n12 \u201care highly relevant to establishing the market for text data for use as LLM training data.\u201d (ECF\n\n13 405 at 4 (emphasis added).) However, as Judge Illman recognized, \u201c[b]y using the broad phrase,\n\n14 \u2018textual data,\u2019 Plaintiffs gloss over the difference between the news content which is the subject of\n\n15 the Reuters/Meta agreement, and the non-news content that is the subject of this case.\u201d (ECF 378 at\n\n16 n.2.) 1\n\n17           To be clear: Reuters does not have any responsive documents related to Plaintiffs and/or the\n\n18 specific copyrighted materials at issue in this case. Nevertheless, Plaintiffs continue to maintain that\n\n19 they are entitled to Reuters\u2019 confidential and trade secret materials to establish the \u201cbroader market\n\n20 for text training data.\u201d (ECF No. 405 at 6.) But, as Judge Illman properly concluded, the fact that a\n\n21 non-party (like Reuters) might enter into a licensing agreement with another non-party involving\n\n22 copyrighted materials held by other non-parties has \u201cmarginal relevance\u201d \u2013 if any \u2013 to this dispute.\n\n23 (ECF No. 378 at 4-5.) And, in the context of Rule 45, Plaintiffs still \u201chave not explained why\n\n24 prying into Reuters\u2019 commercial relationship with Meta is the only way to \u2018establish the existence of\n\n25\n   1\n     The fact that no class has been certified in this litigation is of no moment to Plaintiffs, who\n26 continue to point to the definition of the class in their First Consolidated Amended Complaint.\n   (ECF 314 at 6; ECF 405 at 3.) This seemingly boundless class of claimants certainly would\n27\n   themselves be a better source for information on the market valuation Plaintiffs claim to be seeking\n28 here than non-party Reuters.\n\n                                                       -3-\n     SMRH:4919-8711-9151\n\f     Case 3:23-cv-03223-AMO           Document 432          Filed 04/02/25    Page 5 of 5\n\n\n\n\n 1 a market for copyrighted work as training data for LLMs . . . [such as to] provide evidence of\n\n 2 benchmark licensing agreements and market demand . . . [so that Plaintiffs can] calculat[e] actual\n\n 3 damages and recovery of lost profits.\u2019\u201d (ECF No. 378 at 4-5 (quoting Plaintiffs\u2019 motion to\n\n 4 compel).) 2\n\n 5           Moreover, none of the authority cited by Plaintiffs demonstrates a \u201csubstantial need\u201d for\n\n 6 Reuters\u2019 trade secret and confidential materials. To the contrary, the authority Plaintiffs cite\n\n 7 confirms that copyright actual damages and fair use market considerations can be determined\n\n 8 without \u201cbenchmark\u201d valuations from unrelated third parties. For example, in Dr. Seuss\n\n 9 Enterprises, L.P. v. Penguin Books USA, Inc., the Ninth Circuit found that market harm could be\n10 inferred because the use was non-transformative and admittedly commercial and affirmed the lack\n\n11 of fair use without regard to any benchmark valuations or agreements. 109 F.3d 1394, 1403 (9th\n\n12 Cir. 1997). Thus, as Judge Illman correctly found, \u201cPlaintiffs have not demonstrated a substantial\n\n13 need for the discovery they seek\u201d and their Motion should be denied. (ECF No. 378 at 5 (emphasis\n\n14 added).)\n\n15                                             CONCLUSION\n16           For the foregoing reasons, Non-Party Reuters requests that the Court deny Plaintiffs\u2019 Motion\n\n17 in its entirety.\n\n18\n\n19    Dated: April 2, 2025                      SHEPPARD MULLIN RICHTER & HAMPTON LLP\n\n20\n                                                By                  /s/ Khirin A. Bunker\n21\n                                                                      Khirin A. Bunker\n22                                                                Attorneys for Non-Party\n23                                                            REUTERS NEWS & MEDIA, INC.\n\n24\n\n25\n   2\n     Notably, as Judge Illman seemingly recognized, Plaintiffs\u2019 expansive definition of a \u201cmarket for\n26 high-quality text data used to train LLMs\u201d purports to make every text-related licensing agreement\n   in existence \u201crelevant\u201d to their claims without regard for inter alia the parties involved, nature\n27\n   and/or types of underlying copyrighted materials at issue, geographic scope, particular LLM at\n28 issue, or the relationships between the contracting parties and the copyright holders.\n\n                                                      -4-\n     SMRH:4919-8711-9151\n\f","ocr_status":2,"date_upload":"2025-04-02T17:06:01.868115-07:00","document_number":"432","attachment_number":null,"pacer_doc_id":"035025587142","is_available":true,"is_free_on_pacer":null,"is_sealed":null,"document_type":1,"description":"Opposition/Response to Motion","acms_document_guid":""}],"date_created":"2025-04-02T17:04:00.089106-07:00","date_modified":"2026-11-02T05:49:39.548892-08:00","date_filed":"2025-04-02","time_filed":"16:30:03","entry_number":432,"recap_sequence_number":"2025-04-02.002","pacer_sequence_number":1663,"description":"OPPOSITION/RESPONSE (re 405 MOTION re 378 Order on Motion to Compel ) filed byReuters News & Media Inc.. (Bunker, Khirin) (Filed on 4/2/2025) (Entered: 04/02/2025)","tags":[]},{"resource_uri":"https://www.courtlistener.com/api/rest/v4/docket-entries/421111621/","id":421111621,"docket":"https://www.courtlistener.com/api/rest/v4/dockets/67538258/","recap_documents":[{"resource_uri":"https://www.courtlistener.com/api/rest/v4/recap-documents/435102170/","id":435102170,"tags":[],"absolute_url":"/docket/67538258/431/tremblay-v-openai-inc/","date_created":"2025-04-01T20:34:07.904086-07:00","date_modified":"2026-05-19T12:21:33.498497-07:00","sha1":"2ac65afb749d840bf58f57be982c6562458af56c","page_count":8,"file_size":225365,"filepath_local":"recap/gov.uscourts.cand.414822/gov.uscourts.cand.414822.431.0.pdf","filepath_ia":"https://archive.org/download/gov.uscourts.cand.414822/gov.uscourts.cand.414822.431.0.pdf","ia_upload_failure_count":null,"thumbnail":"recap-thumbnails/gov.uscourts.cand.414822/435102170.thumb.1068.png","thumbnail_status":1,"plain_text":"                           Case 3:23-cv-03223-AMO         Document 431     Filed 04/01/25    Page 1 of 8\n\n\n                       1    LATHAM & WATKINS LLP                                 MORRISON & FOERSTER LLP\n                            Andrew M. Gass (SBN 259694)                          Joseph C. Gratz (SBN 240676)\n                       2      andrew.gass@lw.com                                   jgratz@mofo.com\n                            Joseph R. Wetzel (SBN 238008)                        Tiffany Cheung (SBN 211497)\n                       3      joe.wetzel@lw.com                                    tcheung@mofo.com\n                            505 Montgomery Street, Suite 2000                    Joyce C. Li (SBN 323820)\n                       4    San Francisco, CA 94111                                joyceli@mofo.com\n                            Telephone: 415.391.0600                              Melody E. Wong (SBN 341494)\n                       5                                                           melodywong@mofo.com\n                            Sarang V. Damle (pro hac vice)                       425 Market Street\n                       6     sy.damle@lw.com                                     San Francisco, CA 94105\n                            Elana Nightingale Dawson (pro hac vice)              Telephone: 415.268.7000\n                       7     elana.nightingaledawson@lw.com\n                            Michael A. David (pro hac vice)                      Rose S. Lee (SBN 294658)\n                       8     michael.david@lw.com                                 roselee@mofo.com\n                            555 Eleventh Street, NW, Suite 1000                  Alexandra M. Ward (SBN 318042)\n                       9    Washington, D.C. 20004                                alexandraward@mofo.com\n                            Telephone: 202.637.2200                              707 Wilshire Boulevard, Suite 6000\n                  10                                                             Los Angeles, CA 90017\n                            Allison L. Stillman (pro hac vice)                   Telephone: 213.892.5200\n                  11         alli.stillman@lw.com\n                            Rachel R. Blitzer (pro hac vice)                     Attorneys for Defendants OpenAI, Inc.,\n                  12         rachel.blitzer@lw.com                               OpenAI, L.P., OpenAI OpCo, L.L.C.,\n                            Herman H. Yue (pro hac vice)                         OpenAI GP, L.L.C., OpenAI Startup\n                  13         herman.yue@lw.com                                   Fund GP I, L.L.C., OpenAI Startup\n                            1271 Avenue of the Americas                          Fund I, L.P., and OpenAI Startup Fund\n                  14        New York, NY 10020                                   Management, LLC\n                            Telephone: 212.906.1200\n                  15\n                            Allison S. Blanco (SBN 287554)\n                  16         allison.blanco@lw.com\n                            650 Town Center Drive 20th Floor\n                  17        Costa Mesa, CA 92626\n                            Telephone: 714.540.1235\n                  18\n                            [CAPTION CONTINUED ON NEXT PAGE]\n                  19\n                                                     UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT\n                  20                               NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA\n                  21                                    SAN FRANCISCO DIVISION\n\n                  22        IN RE OPENAI CHATGPT LITIGATION              Master File No. 3:23-cv-03223-AMO\n\n                  23        This Document Relates To:                    DEFENDANTS\u2019 OBJECTION TO REPLY\n                                                                         EVIDENCE\n                  24\n                            Case No. 3:23-cv-03223-AMO\n                  25        Case No. 3:23-cv-03416-AMO                   Hon. Araceli Mart\u00ednez-Olgu\u00edn\n                            Case No. 3:23-cv-04625-AMO\n                  26\n\n                  27\n\n                  28\n                                                                                DEFENDANTS\u2019 OBJECTION TO REPLY EVIDENCE\nATTOR NEY S A T LA W\n SAN FRANCISCO\n                                                                                                CASE NO. 3:23-cv-03223-AMO\n\f                           Case 3:23-cv-03223-AMO       Document 431   Filed 04/01/25    Page 2 of 8\n\n\n                       1   Max I. Levy (SBN 346289)\n                            mlevy@mofo.com\n                       2   755 Page Mill Road\n                           Palo Alto, CA 94304\n                       3   Telephone: 650.813.5600\n\n                       4   John R. Lanham (SBN 289382)\n                             jlanham@mofo.com\n                       5   Sarah J. Vandervalk (SBN 332651)\n                             svandervalk@mofo.com\n                       6   12531 High Bluff Drive, Suite 100\n                           San Diego, CA 92130\n                       7   Telephone: 858.720.5100\n\n                       8   Eric K. Nikolaides (pro hac vice)\n                            enikolaides@mofo.com\n                       9   Zachary S. Newman (pro hac vice)\n                            znewman@mofo.com\n                  10       250 West 55th Street\n                           New York, NY 10019\n                  11       Telephone: 212.468.8000\n\n                  12       Carolyn M. Homer (SBN 286441)\n                            cmhomer@mofo.com\n                  13       2100 L Street, NW, Suite 900\n                           Washington, D.C. 20037\n                  14       Telephone: 202.650.4597\n\n                  15\n                           KEKER, VAN NEST & PETERS LLP\n                  16       Robert A. Van Nest (SBN 84065)\n                             rvannest@keker.com\n                  17       R. James Slaughter (SBN 192813)\n                             rslaughter@keker.com\n                  18       Paven Malhotra (SBN 258429)\n                             pmalhotra@keker.com\n                  19       Michelle S. Ybarra (SBN 260697)\n                             mybarra@keker.com\n                  20       Nicholas S. Goldberg (SBN 273614)\n                             ngoldberg@keker.com\n                  21       Thomas E. Gorman (SBN 279409)\n                             tgorman@keker.com\n                  22       Katie Lynn Joyce (SBN 308263)\n                             kjoyce@keker.com\n                  23       Christopher S. Sun (SBN 308945)\n                            csun@keker.com\n                  24       Edward A. Bayley (SBN 267532)\n                             ebayley@keker.com\n                  25       633 Battery Street\n                           San Francisco, CA 94111\n                  26       Telephone: 415.391.5400\n                           Facsimile: 415.397.7188\n                  27\n\n                  28\n                                                                            DEFENDANTS\u2019 OBJECTION TO REPLY EVIDENCE\nATTOR NEY S A T LA W\n SAN FRANCISCO\n                                                                                            CASE NO. 3:23-cv-03223-AMO\n\f                           Case 3:23-cv-03223-AMO          Document 431           Filed 04/01/25    Page 3 of 8\n\n\n                       1                      DEFENDANTS\u2019 OBJECTION TO REPLY EVIDENCE\n\n                       2          Pursuant to Northern District of California Civil Local Rule 7-3(d)(1), Defendants object\n\n                       3   to the new evidence that Plaintiffs improperly submitted with their Reply in Support of Motion for\n\n                       4   Leave to File Second Amended Complaint (ECF No. 414) (\u201cReply\u201d).\n\n                       5          It is axiomatic that \u201c[n]ew evidence submitted as part of a reply is improper.\u201d Sommers v.\n\n                       6   City of Santa Clara, 516 F. Supp. 3d 967, 980 (N.D. Cal. 2021) (citation omitted). That is why\n\n                       7   courts do not consider \u201cevidence . . . submitted for the first time in reply.\u201d World Lebanese\n\n                       8   Cultural Union, Inc. v. World Lebanese Cultural Union of N.Y., Inc., No. 11-cv-01442, 2011 WL\n\n                       9   5118525, at *6 n.3 (N.D. Cal. Oct. 28, 2011); see also Yang v. 705a Invs., LLC, No. 15-cv-05518,\n\n                  10       2016 WL 4447255, at *3 (N.D. Cal. Aug. 24, 2016) (\u201c[W]here new evidence is presented in a\n\n                  11       reply . . . the district court should not consider the new evidence without giving the [non-]movant\n\n                  12       an opportunity to respond.\u201d (alternations in original) (quoting Provenz v. Miller, 102 F.3d 1478,\n\n                  13       1483 (9th Cir. 1996))).\n\n                  14              Here, Plaintiffs included with their Reply seven additional exhibits not included with or\n\n                  15       even discussed in their Motion for Leave to File Second Amended Complaint (ECF No. 371)\n\n                  16       (\u201cMotion\u201d). See Exs. A\u2013G to Declaration of J. Stein, ECF No. 414-1 (filed under seal at ECF Nos.\n\n                  17       415-1 through 415-7). Every single one of the new exhibits was available to Plaintiffs when they\n\n                  18       filed their Motion. Decl. of Allison S. Blanco in Supp. of Obj. to Reply Evid. \u00b6 6. Plaintiffs seek\n\n                  19       to use the newly submitted evidence to support the exact same arguments they made in their\n\n                  20       Motion. For example, Plaintiffs rely on Exhibit A (ECF No. 415-2) to support their argument that\n                  21       there was no undue delay\u2014an issue extensively addressed in Plaintiffs\u2019 Motion. Plaintiffs also\n                  22       rely on Exhibit D (ECF No. 415-5) to try to justify increasing the class period\u2014another argument\n                  23       they made in their Motion. Plaintiffs \u201cha[ve] not identified any reason why [they] could not have\n                  24       included in [their] original motion the new evidence submitted with [their] reply brief.\n                  25       Withholding such evidence until the reply brief is improper.\u201d Visier, Inc. v. iCIMS, Inc., No. 24-\n\n                  26       CV-07544-SVK, 2025 WL 589036, at *2 (N.D. Cal. Feb. 24, 2025) (quotation omitted); see also\n\n                  27       Stevens v. Brigham Young Univ.-Idaho, No. 16-cv-00530, 2018 WL 2974388, at *19 (D. Idaho\n\n                  28       June 11, 2018) (Because Plaintiffs \u201chad this evidence when [they] filed [their] original brief,\u201d they\n                                                                                       DEFENDANTS\u2019 OBJECTION TO REPLY EVIDENCE\nATTOR NEY S A T LA W\n SAN FRANCISCO                                                                1                        CASE NO. 3:23-cv-03223-AMO\n\f                           Case 3:23-cv-03223-AMO           Document 431           Filed 04/01/25    Page 4 of 8\n\n\n                       1   \u201cshould have presented it at that time.\u201d). Indeed, this is exactly the sort of reliance on new evidence\n\n                       2   that courts conclude is improper. See Tovar v. U.S. Postal Serv., 3 F.3d 1271, 1273 n.3 (9th Cir.\n\n                       3   1993) (striking \u201cnew information\u201d in reply brief that aimed to \u201cbuttress\u201d previous arguments); see\n\n                       4   also Stevens, 2018 WL 2974388, at *19 (\u201cevidence [that] simply bolsters the arguments [a party]\n\n                       5   made in its opening brief\u201d is improper reply evidence).\n\n                       6          Where, as here, parties seek to rely on new evidence on reply, courts either decline to\n\n                       7   consider the new evidence or permit the opposing party to submit a surreply. Indeed, Plaintiffs\n\n                       8   themselves agree that new evidence submitted with a reply \u201cshould . . . be stricken or ignored\n\n                       9   because [it] violate[s] the Court\u2019s Local Rules.\u201d ECF No. 296 at 5-6 (citing L-R 7.3(d)(1)); Citcon\n\n                  10       USA, LLC v. RiverPay Inc., No. 18-cv-02585-NC, 2019 WL 2603219, at *3 (N.D. Cal. June 25,\n\n                  11       2019); Willis v. Koning & Assocs., No. 21-cv-00819-BLF, 2023 WL 2541327, at *2 (N.D. Cal.\n\n                  12       Mar. 15, 2023); Contratto v. Ethicon, Inc., 227 F.R.D. 304, 308 n.5 (N.D. Cal. 2005). Defendants\n\n                  13       request that the Court decline to countenance Plaintiffs\u2019 sandbagging by refusing to consider the\n\n                  14       newly submitted evidence. See, e.g., Sommers, 516 F. Supp. 3d at 980 (sustaining objection to\n\n                  15       exhibits filed with reply where movant \u201cdid not use\u201d those documents \u201cto support the initial\n\n                  16       motion\u201d); see also BoomerangIt, Inc. v. ID Armor, Inc., No. 5:12-cv-0920 EJD, 2012 WL\n\n                  17       2368466, at *4 n.1 (N.D. Cal. June 21, 2012). Plaintiffs also agree that, where a court considers\n\n                  18       new evidence submitted with a reply, the opposing party should have \u201cthe opportunity to respond.\u201d\n\n                  19       ECF No. 296 at 6 (citing Provenz, 102 F.3d at 1483). To the extent the Court instead wishes to\n\n                  20       consider the newly submitted evidence, Defendants respectfully request leave to file a surreply for\n                  21       the Court\u2019s consideration as well. See Crandall v. Starbucks Corp., 249 F. Supp. 3d 1087, 1104\n                  22       (N.D. Cal. 2017) (\u201c[C]ourts typically do not consider new evidence first submitted in a reply brief\n                  23       because the opposing party has no opportunity to respond to it.\u201d).\n                  24\n\n                  25\n\n                  26\n\n                  27\n\n                  28\n                                                                                        DEFENDANTS\u2019 OBJECTION TO REPLY EVIDENCE\nATTOR NEY S A T LA W\n SAN FRANCISCO                                                                 2                        CASE NO. 3:23-cv-03223-AMO\n\f                           Case 3:23-cv-03223-AMO   Document 431       Filed 04/01/25    Page 5 of 8\n\n\n                       1   Dated: April 1, 2025                    Respectfully Submitted,\n\n                       2\n\n                       3                                           By: /s/ Joseph C. Gratz\n\n                       4                                           MORRISON & FOERSTER LLP\n                                                                   Joseph C. Gratz (SBN 240676)\n                       5                                            jgratz@mofo.com\n                                                                   Tiffany Cheung (SBN 211497)\n                       6                                            tcheung@mofo.com\n                                                                   Joyce C. Li (SBN 323820)\n                       7                                            joyceli@mofo.com\n                                                                   Melody E. Wong (SBN 341494)\n                       8                                            melodywong@mofo.com\n                                                                   425 Market Street\n                       9                                           San Francisco, CA 94105\n                                                                   Telephone: 415.268.7000\n                  10\n                                                                   Rose S. Lee (SBN 294658)\n                  11                                                roselee@mofo.com\n                                                                   Alexandra M. Ward (SBN 318042)\n                  12                                                alexandraward@mofo.com\n                                                                   707 Wilshire Boulevard, Suite 6000\n                  13                                               Los Angeles, CA 90017\n                                                                   Telephone: 213.892.5200\n                  14\n                                                                   Eric Nikolaides (pro hac vice)\n                  15                                                enikolaides@mofo.com\n                                                                   Zachary S. Newman (pro hac vice)\n                  16                                                znewman@mofo.com\n                                                                   250 West 55th Street\n                  17                                               New York, NY 10019\n                                                                   Telephone: 212.468.8000212-336-4061\n                  18\n                                                                   Max I. Levy (SBN 346289)\n                  19                                                mlevy@mofo.com\n                                                                   755 Page Mill Road\n                  20                                               Palo Alto, CA 94304\n                                                                   Telephone: 650.813.5600\n                  21\n                                                                   John R. Lanham (SBN 289382)\n                  22                                                jlanham@mofo.com\n                                                                   Sarah J. Vandervalk (SBN 332651)\n                  23                                                svandervalk@mofo.com\n                                                                   12531 High Bluff Drive, Suite 100\n                  24                                               San Diego, CA 92130\n                                                                   Telephone: 858.720.5100\n                  25\n                                                                   Carolyn M. Homer (SBN 286441)\n                  26                                                cmhomer@mofo.com\n                                                                   2100 L Street, NW, Suite 900\n                  27                                               Washington, DC 20037\n                                                                   Telephone: 202.650.4597\n                  28\n                                                                            DEFENDANTS\u2019 OBJECTION TO REPLY EVIDENCE\nATTOR NEY S A T LA W\n SAN FRANCISCO                                                     3                        CASE NO. 3:23-cv-03223-AMO\n\f                           Case 3:23-cv-03223-AMO   Document 431       Filed 04/01/25    Page 6 of 8\n\n\n                       1                                           By: /s/ Allison S. Blanco\n\n                       2                                           LATHAM & WATKINS LLP\n                                                                   Andrew M. Gass (SBN 259694)\n                       3                                            andrew.gass@lw.com\n                                                                   Joseph R. Wetzel (SBN 238008)\n                       4                                            joe.wetzel@lw.com\n                                                                   505 Montgomery Street, Suite 2000\n                       5                                           San Francisco, CA 94111\n                                                                   Telephone: 415.391.0600\n                       6\n                                                                   Sarang V. Damle (pro hac vice)\n                       7                                            sy.damle@lw.com\n                                                                   Elana Nightingale Dawson (pro hac vice)\n                       8                                            elana.nightingaledawson@lw.com\n                                                                   Michael A. David (pro hac vice)\n                       9                                            michael.david@lw.com\n                                                                   555 Eleventh Street, NW, Suite 1000\n                  10                                               Washington, D.C. 20004\n                                                                   Telephone: 202.637.2200\n                  11\n                                                                   Allison L. Stillman (pro hac vice)\n                  12                                                alli.stillman@lw.com\n                                                                   Rachel R. Blitzer (pro hac vice)\n                  13                                                rachel.blitzer@lw.com\n                                                                   Herman H. Yue (pro hac vice)\n                  14                                                herman.yue@lw.com\n                                                                   1271 Avenue of the Americas\n                  15                                               New York, NY 10020\n                                                                   Telephone: 212.906.1200\n                  16\n                                                                   Allison S. Blanco (SBN 287554)\n                  17                                                allison.blanco@lw.com\n                                                                   650 Town Center Drive 20th Floor\n                  18                                               Costa Mesa, CA 92626\n                                                                   Telephone: 714.540.1235\n                  19\n                                                                   By: /s/ Paven Malhotra\n                  20\n                                                                   KEKER, VAN NEST & PETERS LLP\n                  21                                               Robert A. Van Nest (SBN 84065)\n                                                                    rvannest@keker.com\n                  22                                               R. James Slaughter (SBN 192813)\n                                                                    rslaughter@keker.com\n                  23                                               Paven Malhotra (SBN 258429)\n                                                                    pmalhotra@keker.com\n                  24                                               Michelle S. Ybarra (SBN 260697)\n                                                                    mybarra@keker.com\n                  25                                               Nicholas S. Goldberg (SBN 273614)\n                                                                    ngoldberg@keker.com\n                  26                                               Thomas E. Gorman (SBN 279409)\n                                                                    tgorman@keker.com\n                  27                                               Katie Lynn Joyce (SBN 308263)\n                                                                    kjoyce@keker.com\n                  28                                               Christopher S. Sun (SBN 308945)\n                                                                            DEFENDANTS\u2019 OBJECTION TO REPLY EVIDENCE\nATTOR NEY S A T LA W\n SAN FRANCISCO                                                     4                        CASE NO. 3:23-cv-03223-AMO\n\f                           Case 3:23-cv-03223-AMO   Document 431       Filed 04/01/25    Page 7 of 8\n\n\n                       1                                            csun@keker.com\n                                                                   Edward A. Bayley (SBN 267532)\n                       2                                            ebayley@keker.com\n                                                                   633 Battery Street\n                       3                                           San Francisco, CA 94111\n                                                                   Telephone: 415.391.5400\n                       4                                           Facsimile: 415.397.7188\n\n                       5\n                                                                   Attorneys for OpenAI Defendants\n                       6\n\n                       7\n\n                       8\n\n                       9\n\n                  10\n\n                  11\n\n                  12\n\n                  13\n\n                  14\n\n                  15\n\n                  16\n\n                  17\n\n                  18\n\n                  19\n\n                  20\n                  21\n\n                  22\n\n                  23\n\n                  24\n\n                  25\n\n                  26\n\n                  27\n\n                  28\n                                                                            DEFENDANTS\u2019 OBJECTION TO REPLY EVIDENCE\nATTOR NEY S A T LA W\n SAN FRANCISCO                                                     5                        CASE NO. 3:23-cv-03223-AMO\n\f                           Case 3:23-cv-03223-AMO         Document 431          Filed 04/01/25    Page 8 of 8\n\n\n                       1                                     ATTESTATION CLAUSE\n\n                       2          I am the ECF User whose identification and password are being used to file the foregoing\n\n                       3   document. Pursuant to Local Rule 5-1(i)(3) regarding signatures, I, Allison Blanco, attest that\n\n                       4   concurrence in the filing of this document has been obtained.\n\n                       5\n                           Dated: April 1, 2025                                    /s/ Allison Blanco\n                       6\n\n                       7\n\n                       8\n\n                       9\n\n                  10\n\n                  11\n\n                  12\n\n                  13\n\n                  14\n\n                  15\n\n                  16\n\n                  17\n\n                  18\n\n                  19\n\n                  20\n                  21\n\n                  22\n\n                  23\n\n                  24\n\n                  25\n\n                  26\n\n                  27\n\n                  28\n                                                                                     DEFENDANTS\u2019 OBJECTION TO REPLY EVIDENCE\nATTOR NEY S A T LA W\n SAN FRANCISCO                                                              6                        CASE NO. 3:23-cv-03223-AMO\n\f","ocr_status":2,"date_upload":"2025-04-01T20:36:30.026684-07:00","document_number":"431","attachment_number":null,"pacer_doc_id":"035025583155","is_available":true,"is_free_on_pacer":null,"is_sealed":null,"document_type":1,"description":"Objection","acms_document_guid":""},{"resource_uri":"https://www.courtlistener.com/api/rest/v4/recap-documents/454181355/","id":454181355,"tags":[],"absolute_url":"/docket/67538258/431/1/tremblay-v-openai-inc/","date_created":"2025-10-01T21:27:44.374099-07:00","date_modified":"2025-10-01T21:27:44.374115-07:00","sha1":"","page_count":3,"file_size":153331,"filepath_local":null,"filepath_ia":"","ia_upload_failure_count":null,"thumbnail":null,"thumbnail_status":0,"plain_text":"","ocr_status":null,"date_upload":null,"document_number":"431","attachment_number":1,"pacer_doc_id":"035025583156","is_available":false,"is_free_on_pacer":null,"is_sealed":null,"document_type":2,"description":"Declaration of Allison S. Blanco","acms_document_guid":""}],"date_created":"2025-04-01T20:34:07.892209-07:00","date_modified":"2026-11-02T05:49:39.499078-08:00","date_filed":"2025-04-01","time_filed":"20:15:54","entry_number":431,"recap_sequence_number":"2025-04-01.001","pacer_sequence_number":1661,"description":"OBJECTIONS to Evidence Submitted in 414 Plaintiffs' Reply in Support of Motion for Leave to File Second Amended Complaint by OpenAI, Inc., OpenAI, L.P., OpenAI OpCo, L.L.C., OpenAI GP, L.L.C., OpenAI Startup Fund GP I, L.L.C., OpenAI Startup Fund I, L.P., OpenAI Startup Fund Management, LLC. (Attachments: # 1 Declaration of Allison S. Blanco)(Blanco, Allison) (Filed on 4/1/2025) (Entered: 04/01/2025)","tags":[]},{"resource_uri":"https://www.courtlistener.com/api/rest/v4/docket-entries/421104380/","id":421104380,"docket":"https://www.courtlistener.com/api/rest/v4/dockets/67538258/","recap_documents":[{"resource_uri":"https://www.courtlistener.com/api/rest/v4/recap-documents/435094448/","id":435094448,"tags":[],"absolute_url":"/docket/67538258/428/tremblay-v-openai-inc/","date_created":"2025-04-01T17:35:33.188287-07:00","date_modified":"2026-05-19T12:21:33.325477-07:00","sha1":"ee23378ac8dbd7b42ef66295935837ea6ddfa15c","page_count":6,"file_size":182512,"filepath_local":"recap/gov.uscourts.cand.414822/gov.uscourts.cand.414822.428.0.pdf","filepath_ia":"https://archive.org/download/gov.uscourts.cand.414822/gov.uscourts.cand.414822.428.0.pdf","ia_upload_failure_count":null,"thumbnail":"recap-thumbnails/gov.uscourts.cand.414822/435094448.thumb.1068.png","thumbnail_status":1,"plain_text":"     Case 3:23-cv-03223-AMO         Document 428     Filed 04/01/25   Page 1 of 6\n\n\n\n 1   JOSEPH C. GRATZ (CA SBN 240676)                ANDREW M. GASS (SBN 259694)\n     JGratz@mofo.com                                Andrew.Gass@lw.com\n 2   TIFFANY CHEUNG (CA SBN 211497)                 JOSEPH R. WETZEL (SBN 238008)\n     TCheung@mofo.com                               Joseph.Wetzel@lw.com\n 3   JOYCE C. LI (CA SBN 323820)                    LATHAM & WATKINS LLP\n     JoyceLi@mofo.com                               505 Montgomery Street, Suite 2000\n 4   MELODY E. WONG (SBN 341494)                    San Francisco, California 94111\n     MelodyWong@mofo.com                            Telephone:    (415) 391-0600\n 5   MORRISON & FOERSTER LLP\n     425 Market Street,                             ROBERT A. VAN NEST (SBN 84065)\n 6   San Francisco, California 94105-2482           rvannest@keker.com\n     Telephone:    (415) 268-7000                   R. JAMES SLAUGHTER (SBN 192813)\n 7   Facsimile:    (415) 268-7522                   rslaughter@keker.com\n                                                    PAVEN MALHOTRA (SBN 258429)\n 8   ROSE S. LEE (CA SBN 294658)                    pmalhotra@keker.com\n     RoseLee@mofo.com                               MICHELLE YBARRA (SBN 260697)\n 9   ALEXANDRA M. WARD (CA SBN 318042)              mybarra@keker.com\n     AlexandraWard@mofo.com                         NICHOLAS S. GOLDBERG (SBN 273614)\n10   MORRISON & FOERSTER LLP                        ngoldberg@keker.com\n     707 Wilshire Boulevard                         THOMAS E. GORMAN (SBN 279409)\n11   Los Angeles, California 90017-3543             tgorman@keker.com\n     Telephone:    (213) 892-5200                   KATIE LYNN JOYCE (SBN 308263)\n12   Facsimile:    (213) 892-5454                   kjoyce@keker.com\n     [CAPTION CONTINUED ON NEXT PAGE]               CHRISTOPHER SUN (SBN 308945)\n13                                                  csun@keker.com\n     Attorneys for Defendants                       KEKER, VAN NEST & PETERS LLP\n14   OPENAI, INC., OPENAI, L.P., OPENAI             633 Battery Street\n     OPCO, L.L.C., OPENAI GP, L.L.C., OPENAI        San Francisco, CA 94111-1809\n15   STARTUP FUND GP I, L.L.C., OPENAI              Telephone: (415) 391-5400\n     STARTUP FUND I, L.P., AND OPENAI               Facsimile: (415) 391-7188\n16   STARTUP FUND MANAGEMENT, LLC\n17\n                                  UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT\n18\n                                 NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA\n19\n                                        SAN FRANCISCO DIVISION\n20\n\n21   IN RE OPENAI CHATGPT LITIGATION                 Master File No. 3:23-cv-03223-AMO\n22   This document relates to:                       DECLARATION OF ALEXANDER\n                                                     ZBROZEK IN SUPPORT OF\n23                                                   PLAINTIFFS\u2019 ADMINISTRATIVE\n     All Actions\n                                                     MOTION TO CONSIDER WHETHER\n24                                                   ANOTHER PARTY\u2019S MATERIAL\n                                                     SHOULD BE SEALED [ECF NO. 415]\n25\n\n26\n\n27\n\n28\n     ZBROZEK DECL. ISO ECF NO. 415\n     MASTER FILE NO.3:23-CV-03223-AMO\n\f     Case 3:23-cv-03223-AMO         Document 428   Filed 04/01/25   Page 2 of 6\n\n\n\n 1   JOHN R. LANHAM (CA SBN 289382)\n     JLanham@mofo.com\n 2   SARAH J. VANDERVALK (CA SBN 332651)\n     SVandervalk@mofo.com\n 3   MORRISON & FOERSTER LLP\n     12531 High Bluff Drive, Suite 100\n 4   San Diego, CA 92130\n     Telephone:   (858) 720-5100\n 5   Facsimile:   (858) 523-2803\n\n 6   CAROLYN M. HOMER (CA SBN 286441)\n     CMHomer@mofo.com\n 7   MORRISON & FOERSTER LLP\n     2100 L Street, NW, Suite 900\n 8   Washington, D.C. 20037\n     Telephone:     (202) 887-1500\n 9   Facsimile:     (202) 887-0763\n     MAX I. LEVY (CA SBN 346289)\n10   MLevy@mofo.com\n     MORRISON & FOERSTER LLP\n11   755 Page Mill Road\n     Palo Alto, CA 94304-1018\n12   Telephone:    (650) 813-5600\n     Facsimile:    (650) 494-0792\n13\n     ERIC K. NIKOLAIDES (pro hac vice)\n14   ENikolaides@mofo.com\n     ZACHARY S. NEWMAN (pro hac vice)\n15   ZNewman@mofo.com\n     MORRISON & FOERSTER LLP\n16   250 West 55th Street\n     New York, NY 10019-9601\n17   Telephone:    (212) 468-8000\n     Facsimile:    (212) 468-7900\n18\n     SARANG VIJAY DAMLE (pro hac vice)\n19   Sy.Damle@lw.com\n     MICHAEL A. DAVID (pro hac vice)\n20   Michael.David@lw.com\n     ELANA NIGHTINGALE DAWSON (pro hac vice)\n21   Elana.Nightingaledawson@lw.com\n     LATHAM & WATKINS LLP\n22   555 Eleventh Street, NW, Suite 1000\n     Washington, D.C. 20004\n23   Telephone:    (202) 637-2200\n     ALLISON L. STILLMAN (pro hac vice)\n24   Alli.Stillman@lw.com\n     RACHEL R. BLITZER (pro hac vice)\n25   Rachel.blitzer@lw.com\n     HERMAN H. YUE (pro hac vice)\n26   Herman.yue@lw.com\n     LATHAM & WATKINS LLP\n27   1271 Avenue of the Americas\n     New York, NY 10020\n28   Telephone: (212) 751-4864\n     ZBROZEK DECL. ISO ECF NO. 415\n     MASTER FILE NO.3:23-CV-03223-AMO\n\f     Case 3:23-cv-03223-AMO            Document 428        Filed 04/01/25      Page 3 of 6\n\n\n\n 1             I, Alexander Zbrozek, hereby declare as follows:\n\n 2             1.     I am Senior Counsel at OpenAI. I submit this declaration in support of Plaintiffs\u2019\n\n 3   Administrative Motion to Consider Whether Another Party\u2019s Material Should Be Sealed Re:\n\n 4   Reply in Support of Motion for Leave to File Second Amended Consolidated Complaint, ECF\n\n 5   No. 415, pursuant to N.D. Cal. L.R. 79-5(f)(3). I have personal knowledge of the facts set forth\n\n 6   below and, if called as a witness, could testify competently thereto.\n\n 7             2.     I have been informed that because Plaintiffs\u2019 Reply in Support of Motion for\n\n 8   Leave to File Second Amended Consolidated Complaint, ECF No. 414, relates to a non-\n\n 9   dispositive matter, the information requested to be filed under seal is not subject to a strong\n\n10   presumption of public access, and only a showing of \u201cgood cause\u201d is needed to justify sealing the\n\n11   material. See Kamakana v. City & County of Honolulu, 447 F.3d 1172, 1180 (9th Cir. 2006);\n\n12   Real Action Paintball, Inc. v. Advanced Tactical Ordinance Sys., LLC, 2015 WL 1534049, at *2\n\n13   (N.D. Cal. Apr. 2, 2015) (quoting Pintos v. Pac. Creditors Ass\u2019n, 605 F.3d 665, 678 (9th Cir.\n\n14   2010)).\n\n15             3.     I have been informed and understand that the OpenAI confidential material\n\n16   highlighted in the Reply and contained within Exhibits A, B, C, E, F, and G attached thereto has\n\n17   been designated by OpenAI as \u201cCONFIDENTIAL\u201d or \u201cHIGHLY CONFIDENTIAL \u2013\n\n18   ATTORNEYS\u2019 EYES ONLY\u201d pursuant to the protective order. I submit this declaration in\n\n19   support of redacting certain information, as marked in highlighting, in the Reply. 1 I also submit\n\n20   this declaration to maintain under seal Exhibits A, B, C, E, F, and G. OpenAI does not seek to\n\n21   redact or seal the residual portions of the Reply or information contained within Exhibit D.\n\n22             4.     Based on my review, certain portions of the Reply brief and Exhibits A, B, C, E, F,\n\n23   and G attached thereto fall into the following categories: (i) internal references to URLs or other\n\n24   identifying information, the disclosure of which could compromise OpenAI security; (ii)\n\n25   competitively sensitive statements concerning details of processes and sources for training,\n\n26   testing, and improving OpenAI LLMs; (iii) competitively sensitive statements concerning\n\n27\n     1\n       The sealed copy of the Reply contains yellow highlighting, which reflects Plaintiffs\u2019 original\n28   redactions. OpenAI\u2019s requested redactions are therefore denoted in green in the sealed copy.\n     ZBROZEK DECL. ISO ECF NO. 415                     1\n     MASTER FILE NO.3:23-CV-03223-AMO\n\f     Case 3:23-cv-03223-AMO           Document 428         Filed 04/01/25      Page 4 of 6\n\n\n\n 1   OpenAI\u2019s actual or potential business relationships; and (iv) OpenAI\u2019s internal policies and\n\n 2   procedures.\n\n 3          5.      Category (i). URLs, filenames, hyperlinks, user IDs, IP addresses, and other\n\n 4   technological markers are highly sensitive and warrant redaction. Disclosure of this information\n\n 5   could compromise OpenAI\u2019s internal safety and security measures. OpenAI treats such\n\n 6   information as confidential or highly confidential, generally does not publicly disclose this type\n\n 7   of information, and takes affirmative steps to protect the confidentiality of that information.\n\n 8   Category (i) information can be found in Exhibits E and G.\n\n 9          6.      Category (ii). The specific processes that OpenAI employs to train and test\n\n10   ChatGPT models, including the sources and specific amounts of data used to train the models,\n\n11   confidential meetings about model performance and improvement, the process OpenAI engineers\n\n12   employ to select technical measures, assessments of the performance of training data, and\n\n13   confidential technical know-how constitute highly sensitive proprietary information. OpenAI\n\n14   treats such information as confidential or highly confidential. OpenAI generally does not\n\n15   publicly disclose this type of information and takes steps to protect the confidentiality of that\n\n16   information, particularly given the highly competitive nature of the artificial intelligence industry\n\n17   with global stakeholders. Disclosure of this kind of information would give OpenAI\u2019s\n\n18   competitors insight into its proprietary development processes and cause competitive harm to\n\n19   OpenAI. Category (ii) information can be found in Exhibits A, E, F, and G, as well as the green-\n\n20   highlighted portions of the Reply filed contemporaneously with this declaration at 2 and 11.\n\n21          7.      Category (iii). OpenAI treats discussions with and internal discussions about\n\n22   current and potential business partners, especially as they relate to quotes or strategic decisions,\n\n23   as confidential or highly confidential, given the highly competitive nature of the artificial\n\n24   intelligence industry. OpenAI generally does not publicly disclose strategic decision-making\n\n25   deliberations concerning actual or potential business relationships to prevent competitive harm to\n\n26   OpenAI. Moreover, OpenAI and certain partners have express agreements with confidentiality\n\n27   provisions that prevent public disclosure of confidential facts about the companies\u2019 business\n\n28   relationships. Public disclosure of category (iii) information would cause competitive harm to\n     ZBROZEK DECL. ISO ECF NO. 415\n     MASTER FILE NO.3:23-CV-03223-AMO\n\f     Case 3:23-cv-03223-AMO           Document 428        Filed 04/01/25      Page 5 of 6\n\n\n\n 1   OpenAI, given the highly competitive nature of the artificial intelligence industry with global\n\n 2   stakeholders and could cause violation of OpenAI\u2019s confidentiality agreements with third parties.\n\n 3   Category (iii) information can be found in Exhibits B, C, E, and F, as well as the green-\n\n 4   highlighted portions of the Reply filed contemporaneously with this declaration at 2, 3, 7, 11, and\n\n 5   13.\n\n 6          8.      Category (iv). OpenAI treats its internal workplace policies as highly\n\n 7   confidential, generally does not publicly disclose this type of information, and takes affirmative\n\n 8   steps to protect the confidentiality of that information. Disclosure of this information would\n\n 9   cause harm to OpenAI and could compromise its safety and security measures. Category (iv)\n\n10   information can be found in Exhibit G.\n\n11          9.      OpenAI\u2019s request is narrowly tailored, as OpenAI is not seeking to redact the other\n\n12   portions of the Reply not marked for redaction, nor does OpenAI seek to redact or seal\n\n13   information contained within Exhibit D.\n\n14          I declare under penalty of perjury under the laws of the United States of America that the\n\n15   foregoing is true and correct.\n\n16          Executed on this 1st day of April, 2025, in New York, New York.\n\n17\n\n18                                                      /s/ Alexander Zbrozek\n                                                        Alexander Zbrozek\n19                                                      Senior Counsel\n20                                                      OpenAI\n\n21\n\n22\n\n23\n\n24\n\n25\n\n26\n\n27\n\n28\n     ZBROZEK DECL. ISO ECF NO. 415\n     MASTER FILE NO.3:23-CV-03223-AMO\n\f     Case 3:23-cv-03223-AMO          Document 428        Filed 04/01/25     Page 6 of 6\n\n\n\n 1                                        ECF ATTESTATION\n\n 2          I, John Lanham, am the ECF User whose ID and password are being used to file this\n\n 3   document. In accordance with Civil L.R. 5-1(i)(3), concurrence in and authorization of the filing\n\n 4   of this document has been obtained from Alexander Zbrozek, declarant.\n\n 5\n\n 6   Dated: April 1, 2025                             MORRISON & FOERSTER LLP\n\n 7\n                                                      By:   /s/ John R. Lanham\n 8                                                           John R. Lanham\n 9\n                                                      Attorney for Defendants\n10                                                    OPENAI, INC., OPENAI, L.P., OPENAI\n                                                      OPCO, L.L.C., OPENAI GP, L.L.C., OPENAI\n11                                                    STARTUP FUND GP I, L.L.C., OPENAI\n                                                      STARTUP FUND I, L.P., AND OPENAI\n12                                                    STARTUP FUND MANAGEMENT, LLC\n13\n\n14\n\n15\n\n16\n\n17\n\n18\n\n19\n\n20\n\n21\n\n22\n\n23\n\n24\n\n25\n\n26\n\n27\n\n28\n     ZBROZEK DECL. ISO ECF NO. 415                   1\n     MASTER FILE NO.3:23-CV-03223-AMO\n\f","ocr_status":2,"date_upload":"2025-04-01T17:37:49.495479-07:00","document_number":"428","attachment_number":null,"pacer_doc_id":"035025582734","is_available":true,"is_free_on_pacer":null,"is_sealed":null,"document_type":1,"description":"Statement","acms_document_guid":""}],"date_created":"2025-04-01T17:35:33.177048-07:00","date_modified":"2026-11-02T05:49:39.530094-08:00","date_filed":"2025-04-01","time_filed":"17:01:40","entry_number":428,"recap_sequence_number":"2025-04-01.004","pacer_sequence_number":1652,"description":"Declaration of Alexander Zbrozek re 415 Administrative Motion to Consider Whether Another Party's Material Should Be Sealed re Reply in Support of Motion for Leave to File Second Amended Consolidated Complaint Declaration of Alexander Zbrozek in Support by OpenAI, Inc., OpenAI, L.P., OpenAI OpCo, L.L.C., OpenAI GP, L.L.C., OpenAI Startup Fund GP I, L.L.C., OpenAI Startup Fund I, L.P., OpenAI Startup Fund Management, LLC. (Lanham, John) (Filed on 4/1/2025) Modified on 4/2/2025 (dhm, COURT STAFF). (Entered: 04/01/2025)","tags":[]},{"resource_uri":"https://www.courtlistener.com/api/rest/v4/docket-entries/421104371/","id":421104371,"docket":"https://www.courtlistener.com/api/rest/v4/dockets/67538258/","recap_documents":[{"resource_uri":"https://www.courtlistener.com/api/rest/v4/recap-documents/435094439/","id":435094439,"tags":[],"absolute_url":"/docket/67538258/429/tremblay-v-openai-inc/","date_created":"2025-04-01T17:35:32.739264-07:00","date_modified":"2026-05-19T12:21:33.370032-07:00","sha1":"","page_count":null,"file_size":null,"filepath_local":null,"filepath_ia":"","ia_upload_failure_count":null,"thumbnail":null,"thumbnail_status":0,"plain_text":"","ocr_status":null,"date_upload":null,"document_number":"429","attachment_number":null,"pacer_doc_id":"035025582744","is_available":false,"is_free_on_pacer":null,"is_sealed":null,"document_type":1,"description":"Exhibits to an Administrative Motion to File Under Seal","acms_document_guid":""}],"date_created":"2025-04-01T17:35:32.725123-07:00","date_modified":"2026-11-02T05:49:39.524143-08:00","date_filed":"2025-04-01","time_filed":"17:04:09","entry_number":429,"recap_sequence_number":"2025-04-01.003","pacer_sequence_number":1655,"description":"EXHIBITS re 415 Administrative Motion to Consider Whether Another Party's Material Should Be Sealed re Reply in Support of Motion for Leave to File Second Amended Consolidated Complaint and re 428 Unredacted Reply in Support of Motion for Leave to File Second Amended Consolidated Complaint filed byOpenAI, Inc., OpenAI, L.P., OpenAI OpCo, L.L.C., OpenAI GP, L.L.C., OpenAI Startup Fund GP I, L.L.C., OpenAI Startup Fund I, L.P., OpenAI Startup Fund Management, LLC. (Related document(s) 415 ) (Lanham, John) (Filed on 4/1/2025) (Entered: 04/01/2025)","tags":[]},{"resource_uri":"https://www.courtlistener.com/api/rest/v4/docket-entries/421104307/","id":421104307,"docket":"https://www.courtlistener.com/api/rest/v4/dockets/67538258/","recap_documents":[{"resource_uri":"https://www.courtlistener.com/api/rest/v4/recap-documents/435094375/","id":435094375,"tags":[],"absolute_url":"/docket/67538258/430/tremblay-v-openai-inc/","date_created":"2025-04-01T17:35:29.896675-07:00","date_modified":"2026-05-19T12:21:33.442141-07:00","sha1":"914a8e7d9c18cb01cf2391f8e1941d6c03c3db5b","page_count":5,"file_size":219267,"filepath_local":"recap/gov.uscourts.cand.414822/gov.uscourts.cand.414822.430.0.pdf","filepath_ia":"https://archive.org/download/gov.uscourts.cand.414822/gov.uscourts.cand.414822.430.0.pdf","ia_upload_failure_count":null,"thumbnail":"recap-thumbnails/gov.uscourts.cand.414822/435094375.thumb.1068.png","thumbnail_status":1,"plain_text":"     Case 3:23-cv-03223-AMO         Document 430     Filed 04/01/25   Page 1 of 5\n\n\n\n 1   JOSEPH C. GRATZ (CA SBN 240676)                ANDREW M. GASS (SBN 259694)\n     JGratz@mofo.com                                Andrew.Gass@lw.com\n 2   TIFFANY CHEUNG (CA SBN 211497)                 JOSEPH R. WETZEL (SBN 238008)\n     TCheung@mofo.com                               Joseph.Wetzel@lw.com\n 3   JOYCE C. LI (CA SBN 323820)                    LATHAM & WATKINS LLP\n     JoyceLi@mofo.com                               505 Montgomery Street, Suite 2000\n 4   MELODY E. WONG (SBN 341494)                    San Francisco, California 94111\n     MelodyWong@mofo.com                            Telephone:    (415) 391-0600\n 5   MORRISON & FOERSTER LLP\n     425 Market Street,                             ROBERT A. VAN NEST (SBN 84065)\n 6   San Francisco, California 94105-2482           rvannest@keker.com\n     Telephone:    (415) 268-7000                   R. JAMES SLAUGHTER (SBN 192813)\n 7   Facsimile:    (415) 268-7522                   rslaughter@keker.com\n                                                    PAVEN MALHOTRA (SBN 258429)\n 8   ROSE S. LEE (CA SBN 294658)                    pmalhotra@keker.com\n     RoseLee@mofo.com                               MICHELLE YBARRA (SBN 260697)\n 9   ALEXANDRA M. WARD (CA SBN 318042)              mybarra@keker.com\n     AlexandraWard@mofo.com                         NICHOLAS S. GOLDBERG (SBN 273614)\n10   MORRISON & FOERSTER LLP                        ngoldberg@keker.com\n     707 Wilshire Boulevard                         THOMAS E. GORMAN (SBN 279409)\n11   Los Angeles, California 90017-3543             tgorman@keker.com\n     Telephone:    (213) 892-5200                   KATIE LYNN JOYCE (SBN 308263)\n12   Facsimile:    (213) 892-5454                   kjoyce@keker.com\n     [CAPTION CONTINUED ON NEXT PAGE]               CHRISTOPHER SUN (SBN 308945)\n13                                                  csun@keker.com\n     Attorneys for Defendants                       KEKER, VAN NEST & PETERS LLP\n14   OPENAI, INC., OPENAI, L.P., OPENAI             633 Battery Street\n     OPCO, L.L.C., OPENAI GP, L.L.C., OPENAI        San Francisco, CA 94111-1809\n15   STARTUP FUND GP I, L.L.C., OPENAI              Telephone: (415) 391-5400\n     STARTUP FUND I, L.P., AND OPENAI               Facsimile: (415) 391-7188\n16   STARTUP FUND MANAGEMENT, LLC\n17\n                                  UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT\n18\n                                 NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA\n19\n                                        SAN FRANCISCO DIVISION\n20\n\n21   IN RE OPENAI CHATGPT LITIGATION                 Master File No. 3:23-cv-03223-AMO\n22   This document relates to:                       CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE\n23\n     All Actions\n24\n\n25\n\n26\n\n27\n\n28\n     CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE\n     MASTER FILE NO.3:23-CV-03223-AMO\n\f     Case 3:23-cv-03223-AMO         Document 430   Filed 04/01/25   Page 2 of 5\n\n\n\n 1   JOHN R. LANHAM (CA SBN 289382)\n     JLanham@mofo.com\n 2   SARAH J. VANDERVALK (CA SBN 332651)\n     SVandervalk@mofo.com\n 3   MORRISON & FOERSTER LLP\n     12531 High Bluff Drive, Suite 100\n 4   San Diego, CA 92130\n     Telephone:   (858) 720-5100\n 5   Facsimile:   (858) 523-2803\n\n 6   CAROLYN M. HOMER (CA SBN 286441)\n     CMHomer@mofo.com\n 7   MORRISON & FOERSTER LLP\n     2100 L Street, NW, Suite 900\n 8   Washington, D.C. 20037\n     Telephone:     (202) 887-1500\n 9   Facsimile:     (202) 887-0763\n     MAX I. LEVY (CA SBN 346289)\n10   MLevy@mofo.com\n     MORRISON & FOERSTER LLP\n11   755 Page Mill Road\n     Palo Alto, CA 94304-1018\n12   Telephone:    (650) 813-5600\n     Facsimile:    (650) 494-0792\n13\n     ERIC K. NIKOLAIDES (pro hac vice)\n14   ENikolaides@mofo.com\n     ZACHARY S. NEWMAN (pro hac vice)\n15   ZNewman@mofo.com\n     MORRISON & FOERSTER LLP\n16   250 West 55th Street\n     New York, NY 10019-9601\n17   Telephone:    (212) 468-8000\n     Facsimile:    (212) 468-7900\n18\n     SARANG VIJAY DAMLE (pro hac vice)\n19   Sy.Damle@lw.com\n     MICHAEL A. DAVID (pro hac vice)\n20   Michael.David@lw.com\n     ELANA NIGHTINGALE DAWSON (pro hac vice)\n21   Elana.Nightingaledawson@lw.com\n     LATHAM & WATKINS LLP\n22   555 Eleventh Street, NW, Suite 1000\n     Washington, D.C. 20004\n23   Telephone:    (202) 637-2200\n     ALLISON L. STILLMAN (pro hac vice)\n24   Alli.Stillman@lw.com\n     RACHEL R. BLITZER (pro hac vice)\n25   Rachel.blitzer@lw.com\n     HERMAN H. YUE (pro hac vice)\n26   Herman.yue@lw.com\n     LATHAM & WATKINS LLP\n27   1271 Avenue of the Americas\n     New York, NY 10020\n28   Telephone: (212) 751-4864\n     CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE\n     MASTER FILE NO.3:23-CV-03223-AMO\n\f     Case 3:23-cv-03223-AMO          Document 430         Filed 04/01/25   Page 3 of 5\n\n\n\n 1                                    CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE\n\n 2          I declare that I am employed with the law firm of Morrison & Foerster LLP, whose\n\n 3   address is 425 Market Street, San Francisco, CA 94105. I am not a party to the within cause, and\n\n 4   I am over the age of eighteen years.\n\n 5          I further declare that on April 1, 2025, I served a copy of:\n\n 6          DECLARATION OF ALEXANDER ZBROZEK IN SUPPORT OF PLAINTIFFS\u2019\n            ADMINISTRATIVE MOTION TO CONSIDER WHETHER ANOTHER\n 7          PARTY\u2019S MATERIAL SHOULD BE SEALED [ECF. NO. 415]\n 8          [UNDER SEAL] PLAINTIFFS\u2019 REPLY IN SUPPORT OF MOTION FOR LEAVE\n            TO FILE SECOND AMENDED CONSOLIDATED COMPLAINT\n 9\n              BY ELECTRONIC SERVICE [Fed. R. Civ. P. 5(b)] by electronically mailing a true\n10      X     and correct copy through Morrison & Foerster LLP\u2019s electronic mail system to the email\n              address(es) set forth below, or as stated on the attached service list per agreement in\n11            accordance with Fed. R. Civ. P. 5(b).\n12\n      JOSEPH SAVERI LAW FIRM, LLP\n13    Joseph R. Saveri\n      Cadio R. Zirpoli\n14    Christopher K. L. Young\n      William W. Castillo Guardado\n15    Holden J. Benon\n      Aaron Cera\n16    Margaux Poueymirou\n      Melissa Tribble\n17    601 California St., Ste. 1505\n      San Francisco, CA 94108\n18    jsaveri@saverilawfirm.com\n      czirpoli@saverilawfirm.com\n19    cyoung@saverilawfirm.com\n      wcastillo@saverilawfirm.com\n20    hbenon@saverilawfirm.com\n      acera@saverilawfirm.com\n21    mpoueymirou@saverilawfirm.com\n      mtribble@saverilawfirm.com\n22    jslfservice_chatgpt@saverilawfirm.com\n23    MATTHEW BUTTERICK, ATTORNEY AT LAW\n      Matthew Butterick\n24    1920 Hillhurst Ave. #406\n      Los Angeles, CA 90027\n25    mb@buttericklaw.com\n26\n\n27\n\n28\n     CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE                           1\n     MASTER FILE NO.3:23-CV-03223-AMO\n\f     Case 3:23-cv-03223-AMO         Document 430        Filed 04/01/25   Page 4 of 5\n\n\n\n 1    CAFFERTY, CLOBES MERIWETHER &\n      SPRENGEL LLP\n 2    Bryan L. Clobes\n      Alexander J. Sweatman\n 3    Mohammed Rathur\n      135 South LaSalle Street, Suite 3210\n 4    Chicago, IL 60603\n      bclobes@caffertyclobes.com\n 5    asweatman@caffertyclobes.com\n      mrathur@caffertyclobes.com\n 6\n      VENTURA HERSEY & MULLER, LLP\n 7    Daniel J. Muller\n      1506 Hamilton Avenue\n 8    San Jose, CA 95125\n      dmuller@venturahersey.com\n 9\n      BOIES SCHILLER FLEXNER LLP\n10    David Boies (pro hac vice)\n      333 Main Street\n11    Armonk, NY 10504\n      (914) 749-8200\n12    dboies@bsfllp.com\n      chatgpt_cocounsel@bsfllp.com\n13\n      Maxwell V. Pritt\n14    Joshua M. Stein\n      Reed D. Forbush\n15    44 Montgomery Street, 41st Floor\n      San Francisco, CA 94104\n16    (415) 293-6800\n      mpritt@bsfllp.com\n17    jstein@bsfllp.com\n      rforbush@bsfllp.com\n18    Jesse Panuccio\n      1401 New York Ave, NW\n19    Washington, DC 20005\n      (202) 237-2727\n20    jpanuccio@bsfllp.com\n      jschuffenhauer@bsfllp.com\n21\n      Evan M. Ezray\n22    401 East Las Olas Blvd. Suite 1200\n      Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33301\n23    (954) 377-4237\n      eezray@bsfllp.com\n24\n      Counsel for Individual and Representative Plaintiffs and\n25    the Proposed Class\n26\n\n27\n\n28\n     CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE                         2\n     MASTER FILE NO.3:23-CV-03223-AMO\n\f     Case 3:23-cv-03223-AMO           Document 430         Filed 04/01/25     Page 5 of 5\n\n\n\n 1   I declare under penalty of perjury under the laws of the State of California that the foregoing is\n\n 2   true and correct.\n\n 3          Executed at San Francisco, California, this 1st day of April 2025.\n\n 4\n\n 5                                                   /s/\n                                                     Amy Garcia\n 6\n\n 7\n\n 8\n\n 9\n\n10\n\n11\n\n12\n\n13\n\n14\n\n15\n\n16\n\n17\n\n18\n\n19\n\n20\n\n21\n\n22\n\n23\n\n24\n\n25\n\n26\n\n27\n\n28\n     CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE                            3\n     MASTER FILE 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