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Case 2:26-cv-09759     Document 1    Filed 09/01/26   Page 1 of 14 Page ID #:1\n\n\n\n1    John Tehranian (SBN 211616)\n     Email: jtehranian@onellp.com\n2    Jennifer A. Mauri (SBN 276522)\n     Email: jmauri@onellp.com\n3    ONE LLP\n     23 Corporate Plaza, Suite 150-105\n4    Newport Beach, CA 92660\n     Telephone: (949) 502-2870\n5    Facsimile: (949) 258-5081\n6    Attorney for Plaintiff,\n     Scott Hargis d/b/a Scott Hargis Photo.\n7\n8\n9\n10                        UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT\n11                      CENTRAL DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA\n12\n13   SCOTT HARGIS, d/b/a SCOTT                  Case No.\n     HARGIS PHOTO, an individual,\n14\n                                                COMPLAINT FOR COPYRIGHT\n15                Plaintiff,                    INFRINGEMENT (17 U.S.C. \u00a7 501)\n16\n           v.                                   DEMAND FOR JURY TRIAL\n17\n     FAIRFAX PUBLISHING COMPANY\n18\n     LLC, a Virginia limited liability\n19   company; and DOES 1-10, inclusive,\n20\n                  Defendants.\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\n26\n27\n28\n\n                                         COMPLAINT\n\f Case 2:26-cv-09759      Document 1      Filed 09/01/26    Page 2 of 14 Page ID #:2\n\n\n\n1           Plaintiff Scott Hargis, d/b/a Scott Hargis Photo (\u201cPlaintiff\u201d or \u201cHargis\u201d),\n2    complains against Defendants Fairfax Publishing Company LLC (\u201cFairfax\u201d) and\n3    DOES 1-10, inclusive (collectively, \u201cDefendants\u201d) as follows:\n4                               JURISDICTION AND VENUE\n5           1.    This is a civil action seeking damages and injunctive relief against\n6    Defendants for willful copyright infringement in violation of the United States\n7    Copyright Act, 17 U.S.C. \u00a7\u00a7 101 et seq.\n8           2.    This Court has subject matter jurisdiction under the United States\n9    Copyright Act, 17 U.S.C. \u00a7 501(a), 28 U.S.C. \u00a7 1331 (federal question), and 28\n10   U.S.C. \u00a7 1338(a) (copyright).\n11          3.    Venue is proper in this District under 28 U.S.C. \u00a7\u00a7 1391(b) and (c) and\n12   28 U.S.C. \u00a7 1400(a), in that Defendants may be found and transact business in this\n13   District, a substantial part of the events or omissions giving rise to the claim\n14   occurred in this District, the property that is the subject of the action\u2014the registered\n15   copyrights\u2014is in this District, and the injury suffered by Hargis occurred in this\n16   District.\n17          4.    This Court has general and specific personal jurisdiction over\n18   Defendants. Specifically, Defendants have engaged in direct, vicarious, and/or\n19   otherwise induced acts of copyright infringement in this judicial district. Upon\n20   information and belief, Defendants have engaged in continuous and systematic\n21   business in this judicial district, including by marketing and advertising senior\n22   community housing facilities in this judicial district to residents of this judicial\n23   district. Among other things, Defendants have infringed photographs of images of\n24   senior living communities located in this judicial district that were taken by Plaintiff\n25   in this judicial district. Upon information and relief, Defendants also provide a\n26   highly interactive online website to individuals in this district through which, among\n27   other things, Defendants entice those individuals to provide their contact\n28   information to Defendants so that Defendants can then sell or otherwise monetize\n                                                 2\n                                           COMPLAINT\n\f Case 2:26-cv-09759      Document 1      Filed 09/01/26   Page 3 of 14 Page ID #:3\n\n\n\n1    that contact information by offering them information, including pricing and\n2    availability, about potential residency at senior community housing facilities located\n3    in California and this judicial district, and thus, Defendants have chosen to direct\n4    their infringing activities at California. Accordingly, and upon information and\n5    belief, Defendants derive substantial revenues from commercial activities in\n6    California and this district. As a result, besides Defendants\u2019 active and purposeful\n7    engagement with, and substantial, continuous and systematic business ties to,\n8    California and this District, there is a direct and substantial nexus between\n9    Plaintiff\u2019s claims in this case and Defendants\u2019 purposeful availment of the privilege\n10   of conducting activities within California and in this district.\n11                                          PARTIES\n12         5.     Hargis is an individual residing in Oakland, California.\n13         6.     Fairfax is a Virginia limited liability company with its principal place\n14   of business at 14 Pidgeon Hill Dr Ste 330, Sterling, Virginia.\n15         7.     DOES 1 through 10, inclusive, are unknown to Hargis, who therefore\n16   sues said Defendants by such fictitious names. Hargis will ask leave of court to\n17   amend this Complaint and insert the true names and capacities of said Defendants\n18   when the same have been ascertained. Hargis is informed and believes and, upon\n19   such, alleges that each of the Defendants designated herein as a \u201cDoe\u201d is legally\n20   responsible in some manner for the events and happenings herein alleged, and that\n21   Hargis\u2019s damages as alleged herein were proximately caused by such Defendants.\n22         8.     Hargis is informed and believes, and based thereon alleges, that at all\n23   times herein relevant, each of the Defendants was the agent, alter-ego, servant, or\n24   employee of the remaining Defendants, and each was acting within the course and\n25   scope of such agency/employment relationship and with the knowledge and consent\n26   of the remaining Defendants.\n27   ///\n28   ///\n                                                 3\n                                           COMPLAINT\n\f Case 2:26-cv-09759       Document 1   Filed 09/01/26   Page 4 of 14 Page ID #:4\n\n\n\n1                                STATEMENT OF FACTS\n2                             Hargis and his Copyrighted Works\n3          9.    Hargis is a widely recognized architectural photographer based in the\n4    San Francisco Bay area. Hargis\u2019s photographs have appeared in numerous\n5    publications including This Old House, Luxe Magazine, Dwell, The New York\n6    Times, The Wall Street Journal, Oakland Magazine, San Francisco Magazine,\n7    Diablo Magazine, Better Homes & Gardens, The San Francisco Chronicle, and The\n8    Los Angeles Times.\n9          10.   Hargis is sought after by architectural and design firms around the\n10   world, including Woods Bagot, Gensler, Handel, SOM, and many others.\n11         11.   He is the author of the acclaimed book \u201cThe Essential Guide to\n12   Lighting Interiors,\u201d and frequently travels throughout North America and the world\n13   on assignment. A member of the International Association of Architectural\n14   Photographers, Hargis shares his expertise with students at workshops throughout\n15   North America, Europe, Australia, and the Middle East.\n16         12.   Among the countless photographs he has created in his career are forty\n17   photographs (the \u201cPhotographs\u201d), true and correct copies of which are attached as\n18   Exhibit A, showcasing various subject matter within five senior living\n19   communities: (a) the Novellus Cypresswood senior living community in Spring,\n20   Texas; (b) the Atria Newport Plaza senior living community in Newport Beach,\n21   California; (c) the Atria West 86 senior living community in New York, New York;\n22   (d) the Atria Collwood senior living community in San Diego, California; and (e)\n23   the Atria Rancho Mirage senior living community in Rancho Mirage, California\n24   (collectively referred to as the \u201cFive Senior Living Communities\u201d).\n25   ///\n26   ///\n27   ///\n28   ///\n                                               4\n                                        COMPLAINT\n\f Case 2:26-cv-09759     Document 1    Filed 09/01/26   Page 5 of 14 Page ID #:5\n\n\n\n1          13.   The Photographs, which serve as the subject matter of this dispute,\n2    were registered with the United States Copyright Office as follows:\n3     Date of Registration        Registration No.            Titles of Works\n4     Sept. 12, 2019              VA 2-174-022                hargis_190626_1742;\n5                                                             hargis_190626_1776;\n6                                                             hargis_190626_1796;\n7                                                             hargis_190626_1822;\n8                                                             hargis_190626_1852;\n9                                                             hargis_190626_1870;\n10                                                            hargis_190626_1933;\n11                                                            hargis_190508_0128;\n12                                                            hargis_190508_0045;\n13                                                            hargis_190508_0099;\n14                                                            hargis_190508_0026;\n15                                                            hargis_190508_0072;\n16                                                            hargis_190508_0162;\n17                                                            hargis_190508_0178;\n18                                                            hargis_190508_0187.\n19    Feb. 20, 2019               VA 2-140-916                hargis_180620_7768;\n20                                                            hargis_180620_7745;\n21                                                            hargis_180620_7818;\n22                                                            hargis_180620_7670;\n23                                                            hargis_180620_7698;\n24                                                            hargis_180620_7798;\n25                                                            hargis_180620_7756;\n26                                                            hargis_180709_8987;\n27                                                            hargis_180710_9037;\n28\n                                              5\n                                        COMPLAINT\n\f Case 2:26-cv-09759      Document 1    Filed 09/01/26    Page 6 of 14 Page ID #:6\n\n\n\n1                                                              hargis_180710_9116;\n2                                                              hargis_180709_8891;\n3                                                              hargis_180710_9102;\n4                                                              hargis_180710_9064;\n5                                                              hargis_180709_9012;\n6                                                              hargis_180709_8928;\n7                                                              hargis_180709_8913;\n8                                                              hargis_180709_8957;\n9                                                              hargis_180710_8463;\n10                                                             hargis_180709_8937.\n11    Jan. 27. 2020               VA 2-193-490                 hargis_190925_4931;\n12                                                             hargis_190925_5064;\n13                                                             hargis_190925_5019;\n14                                                             hargis_190925_4896;\n15                                                             hargis_190925_5050;\n16                                                             hargis_190925_4979.\n17   Hargis is, and is listed as, the author and copyright claimant of the Photographs. As\n18   the author, Hargis owns and exclusively controls the rights to reproduce, adapt,\n19   distribute, and publicly display the Photographs.\n20         14.    As a professional photographer, Hargis\u2019s livelihood depends on his\n21   ability to generate revenue from his photographs. Like other photographers, he\n22   would suffer serious financial injury if his copyrights were not enforced. This would\n23   adversely impact his livelihood and ability to create new works.\n24                              Fairfax\u2019s Infringing Conduct\n25         15.    Fairfax is the owner and operator of the website\n26   www.seniorlivingguide.com, which it describes as \u201cThe Nation\u2019s Premier Online\n27   Senior Housing Resource.\u201d\n28\n                                               6\n                                         COMPLAINT\n\f Case 2:26-cv-09759       Document 1     Filed 09/01/26   Page 7 of 14 Page ID #:7\n\n\n\n1          16.    On information and belief, www.seniorlivingguide.com\u2019s primary\n2    purpose is lead generation for senior community housing in California and across\n3    the United States.\n4          17.    A lead generation website for senior community housing is designed to\n5    attract potential residents and their families who are interested in senior living\n6    options. It provides helpful information about the senior communities, including\n7    amenities, care options, activities, pricing, and availability, while collecting contact\n8    information from interested individuals. That contact information is then sold to the\n9    relevant senior community and the community can then follow up with these leads\n10   to answer questions, schedule tours, and help potential residents find the right living\n11   option, including entering into residency contracts with them.\n12         18.    Lead generation websites can also generate revenue through referral\n13   fees, commissions, or payments from businesses for each qualified lead or customer\n14   generated. Further, lead generation websites can also generate revenue through\n15   selling advertising to senior communities to increase that community\u2019s visibility on\n16   the lead generation website.\n17         19.    Fairfax has, without permission or compensation to Hargis, reproduced,\n18   modified, distributed, and publicly displayed unauthorized copies of the\n19   Photographs and/or derivatives thereof wholesale on the website\n20   https://www.seniorlivingguide.com/ (the \u201cWebsite\u201d) in connection with advertising\n21   and or providing information about the Five Senior Living Communities as part of\n22   lead generation efforts related to that community. Attached hereto as Exhibits B and\n23   C are true and correct screencaptures evidencing Fairfax\u2019s unauthorized commercial\n24   exploitation of the Photographs, side-by-side with the original Photographs.\n25         20.    Fairfax\u2019s exploitation of the Photographs is for blatantly commercial\n26   purposes. As a lead-generation website, the Website entices prospective senior\n27   living community residents and their families to choose one of the Five Senior\n28   Living Communities over comparable senior living communities and, in turn,\n                                                 7\n                                          COMPLAINT\n\f Case 2:26-cv-09759      Document 1      Filed 09/01/26   Page 8 of 14 Page ID #:8\n\n\n\n1    generate revenue for Fairfax in the form of lead sales, referral fees, and/or\n2    advertising sales from that facility.\n3          21.    Fairfax is able to garner significant attention for the Five Senior Living\n4    Communities by featuring the Photographs on the Website. The Photographs, each a\n5    unique work in and of itself, highlight different locations and amenities within the\n6    Five Senior Living Communities in an attractive manner, undoubtedly playing an\n7    important role in the marketing and promotional efforts intended to convince\n8    prospective senior living residents and their families to submit their contact\n9    information to the Website so that Fairfax can then provide those leads to the\n10   operators of the Five Senior Living Communities. Among other things, this attention\n11   and generation of leads\u2014a direct consequence of the infringement\u2014has translated\n12   into ill-gotten commercial advantage and revenue for Fairfax.\n13         22.    To the extent that Fairfax might have otherwise hoped to invoke the\n14   provisions of Digital Millennium Copyright Act\u2019s safe harbor, 17 U.S.C. \u00a7 512, by\n15   claiming it is a protected internet service provider, it is categorically precluded from\n16   doing so as a matter of law because, among other things, the DMCA safe harbor is\n17   conditional on the proper designation and registration of an agent with the Copyright\n18   Office to receive notifications of claimed infringement, as expressly required under\n19   17 U.S.C. \u00a7 512(c)(2), and Fairfax has failed to properly designate and register such\n20   an agent with the Copyright Office. Without a designated agent at the time of an\n21   infringement, a service provider is ineligible for any safe harbor under the DMCA\n22   (even if content is truly user generated, for example). See, e.g., Oppenheimer v.\n23   Allvoices, Inc., 2014 WL 2604033, *17 (N.D. Cal. June 10, 2014) (\u201cThis court also\n24   agrees that [the defendant] may not invoke the safe harbor found in Section\n25   512(c)(1) with respect to infringing conduct that occurred prior to [the defendant]\n26   designating a DMCA-related agent with the Copyright Office.\u201d); Perfect 10, Inc. v.\n27   Yandex, N.V., 2013 WL 1899851, at *7 (N.D. Cal. May 7, 2013) (granting partial\n28   summary judgment for the plaintiff on the defendant\u2019s ineligibility for the DMCA\n                                                 8\n                                             COMPLAINT\n\f Case 2:26-cv-09759      Document 1      Filed 09/01/26   Page 9 of 14 Page ID #:9\n\n\n\n1    user storage safe harbor for alleged infringement that occurred prior to the date the\n2    defendant registered its DMCA agent with the U.S. Copyright Office); Louis Vuitton\n3    Malletier, S.A. v. Akanoc Solutions, Inc., 2010 WL 5598337, at *7 (N.D. Cal. Mar.\n4    19, 2010) (\u201cAt a minimum, Defendants would not be able to claim the protection of\n5    the safe harbor provisions prior to designating an agent.\u201d).\n6          23.    Fairfax\u2019s acts of infringement are willful because, inter alia, it is a\n7    sophisticated entity with full knowledge of the strictures of federal copyright law\n8    and the basic requirements for licensing copyrighted content. Fairfax itself actively\n9    protects its own copyrights, including as demonstrated by the \u201c\u00a9\u201d notice they\n10   placed on the Website.\n11         24.    Additionally, Fairfax asserted on the www.seniorlivingguide.com\n12   website that \u201cUnless otherwise noted, all photographs, artwork and ad designs\n13   printed in Senior Living Guide and on SeniorLivingGuide.com are the sole property\n14   of Fairfax Publishing Company LLC. and may not be duplicated or reprinted\n15   without Fairfax Publishing Company LLC. express written permission.\u201d\n16   https://www.seniorlivingguide.com/contact-us/disclaimer. But Fairfax failed to\n17   notify visitors to the website that Fairfax is not the owner of the Photographs. In so\n18   doing, Fairfax not only confirmed that it is well aware of the need for proper\n19   licensing of copyrighted works, but also demonstrates Fairfax\u2019s efforts to mislead\n20   and/or obscure the fact that it is infringing Hargis\u2019s Photographs. This further\n21   evidences Fairfax\u2019s willfulness.\n22         25.    Furthermore, rather than respond constructively to the efforts of\n23   Hargis\u2019s representatives to resolve this matter short of litigation, Fairfax and its\n24   representatives initially (falsely) claimed to have removed all infringing content, but\n25   have since gone completely silent, declining to engage in communications or to\n26   make any offer to remediate its wrongful conduct, including providing Hargis with\n27   any compensation for the violation of his intellectual property rights, thereby only\n28\n                                                 9\n                                           COMPLAINT\n\fCase 2:26-cv-09759       Document 1       Filed 09/01/26   Page 10 of 14 Page ID #:10\n\n\n\n1    further evidencing the bad faith at play in Fairfax\u2019s actions and giving Hargis no\n2    choice but to initiate litigation.\n3           26.    Even more pointedly, Fairfax was provided with specific notice\n4    regarding its infringing activities. Hargis\u2019s representatives notified Fairfax about the\n5    infringement of seven of Hargis\u2019s images of the Novellus Cypresswood senior\n6    living community and requested that Fairfax immediately cease and desist the use of\n7    all of Hargis\u2019s work. Despite multiple cease and desist requests\u2014including cease\n8    and desist correspondence sent to it on June 29, 2026, a telephone conference with\n9    Fairfax\u2019s representative on July 16, 2026 and numerous subsequent attempts at\n10   communication\u2014Fairfax continues to infringe those very works to this day. Indeed,\n11   the infringing images are still live on the Fairfax website as of the filing date of this\n12   Complaint. Worse, during the drafting of this complaint, Hargis discovered a\n13   whopping additional thirty-three (33) infringements by Fairfax\u2014bringing the total\n14   number of infringed photographs to forty (40). The ongoing and additional\n15   infringements are evidenced by the screencaptures shown in Exhibit C, representing\n16   true and correct copies of Fairfax\u2019s website continuing to reproduce, distribute and\n17   publicly display high resolution copies of Mr. Hargis\u2019s images without\n18   authorization. Fairfax\u2019s continuing acts of infringement constitute quintessential per\n19   se willfulness\n20          27.    As a result of its willful infringement of seven of Hargis\u2019s copyrights,\n21   Fairfax faces statutory damages of up to $6,000,000 ($150,000 x 40 infringements)\n22   for their unlawful actions, exclusive of attorneys\u2019 fees.\n23                                FIRST CAUSE OF ACTION\n24                         (Copyright Infringement, 17 U.S.C. \u00a7 501)\n25          28.    Plaintiff hereby incorporates by reference and realleges the allegations\n26   in all previous paragraphs as though fully set forth herein.\n27          29.    Hargis owns all copyrights in and to the Photographs, which are valid\n28   and subsisting under the laws of the United States.\n                                                  10\n                                             COMPLAINT\n\fCase 2:26-cv-09759      Document 1      Filed 09/01/26   Page 11 of 14 Page ID #:11\n\n\n\n1          30.    Hargis has complied in all respects with the Copyright Act and all of\n2    the laws of the United States governing copyrights, and the Photographs have all\n3    been timely registered with the United States Copyright Office.\n4          31.    Defendants, without the permission or consent of Hargis, reproduced,\n5    adapted, distributed, and publicly displayed unauthorized copies of the Photographs\n6    shown in Exhibit A hereto. Such acts constitute infringement of Hargis\u2019s exclusive\n7    rights under copyright pursuant to 17 U.S.C. \u00a7\u00a7 106 & 501.\n8          32.    In addition, Defendants, without the permission or consent of Hargis,\n9    knowingly encouraged, induced, materially contributed to, and/or facilitated the\n10   unauthorized reproduction, adaptation, distribution, and public display of\n11   unauthorized copies of the Photographs shown in Exhibit A hereto, and have the\n12   right and ability to stop or limit the infringement and a direct financial interest in\n13   such infringing activities.\n14         33.    Defendants are therefore directly and secondarily liable for\n15   infringement under the Copyright Act.\n16         34.    Each of the Defendants directly and individually performed the acts\n17   alleged herein, and also did so jointly and in concert with one another, or as an agent\n18   or alter ego of the other. Accordingly, each of the Defendants are liable for all of the\n19   acts alleged herein because they were the cause in fact and proximate cause of all\n20   injuries Hargis has suffered.\n21         35.    The infringement of Hargis\u2019s rights in each of his respective\n22   copyrighted works constitutes a separate and distinct act of infringement.\n23         36.    Defendants\u2019 unlawful conduct, as set forth above, was willful,\n24   intentional, and purposeful, in disregard of and with indifference to Hargis\u2019s rights.\n25         37.    Defendants\u2019 wrongful acts have caused, and are causing, great injury to\n26   Hargis, of which damages cannot be accurately computed, and unless this Court\n27   restrains Defendants from further and continuing commission of said acts, Hargis\n28\n                                                 11\n                                           COMPLAINT\n\fCase 2:26-cv-09759      Document 1     Filed 09/01/26   Page 12 of 14 Page ID #:12\n\n\n\n1    will suffer irreparable injury, for all of which he is without an adequate remedy at\n2    law.\n3                                  PRAYER FOR RELIEF\n4           WHEREFORE, Plaintiff requests judgment against Defendants as follows:\n5           1.    For a declaration that Fairfax willfully infringed Hargis\u2019s copyrights;\n6           2.    For such equitable relief under Title 17, Title 28, and/or the Court\u2019s\n7    inherent authority as is necessary to prevent or restrain infringement of Hargis\u2019s\n8    copyrights, including preliminary and permanent injunctive relief requiring Fairfax,\n9    and its officers, agents, servants, employees, representatives, and attorneys, and all\n10   persons in active concert or participation with it to permanently cease from\n11   designing, copying, reproducing, displaying, promoting, advertising, distributing, or\n12   selling, or any other form of dealing or transaction in, any and all advertising and\n13   promotional materials, print media, signs, Internet websites, or any other media,\n14   either now known or hereafter devised, bearing any image or design which infringes\n15   Hargis\u2019s copyrights or exclusive rights under Copyright;\n16          3.    For statutory damages pursuant to 17 U.S.C. \u00a7 504(c), in the maximum\n17   amount provided by law, as may be proven at trial, arising from Defendants\u2019 willful\n18   violations of Hargis\u2019s rights under the Copyright Act or, in the alternative, at\n19   Hargis\u2019s election pursuant to 17 U.S.C. \u00a7 504(b), Hargis\u2019s actual damages, including\n20   Defendants\u2019 profits from infringement, in amounts to be proven at trial;\n21          4.    For an order pursuant to 17 U.S.C. \u00a7 503 requiring Fairfax to deliver up\n22   for destruction or other reasonable disposition all copies made or used in violation\n23   of Hargis\u2019s respective copyrights;\n24          5.    For an order pursuant to 17 U.S.C. \u00a7 505 awarding Hargis his costs in\n25   this action, including his reasonable attorneys\u2019 fees;\n26          6.    For pre-judgment and post-judgment interest at the applicable rate on\n27   any monetary award made part of the judgment against Fairfax; and\n28\n                                                12\n                                          COMPLAINT\n\fCase 2:26-cv-09759       Document 1    Filed 09/01/26   Page 13 of 14 Page ID #:13\n\n\n\n1          7.       For any such other and further relief as the Court may deem just and\n2    appropriate.\n3\n4    Dated: September 1, 2026                ONE LLP\n5\n                                             By: /s/ Jennifer A. Mauri\n6\n                                                 Jennifer A. Mauri\n7                                                John Tehranian\n                                                 Attorneys for Plaintiff,\n8\n                                                 Scott Hargis, d/b/a Scott Hargis Photo\n9\n10\n11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n21\n22\n23\n24\n25\n26\n27\n28\n                                                13\n                                           COMPLAINT\n\fCase 2:26-cv-09759      Document 1    Filed 09/01/26   Page 14 of 14 Page ID #:14\n\n\n\n1                              DEMAND FOR JURY TRIAL\n2          Plaintiff hereby demands a trial by jury as to all claims and all issues properly\n3    triable thereby.\n4\n5    Dated: September 1, 2026               ONE LLP\n6\n                                            By: /s/ Jennifer A. Mauri\n7\n                                                Jennifer A. 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